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We examine the assumptions behind Noether's theorem connecting symmetries and conservation laws. To compare classical and quantum versions of this theorem, we take an algebraic approach. In both classical and quantum mechanics, observables…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 John C. Baez

Any symmetry reduces a second-order differential equation to a first-order equation: variational symmetries of the action (exemplified by central field dynamics) lead to conservation laws, but symmetries of only the equations of motion…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-06-08 Sidney Bludman

This paper is devoted to studying symmetries of certain kinds of k-cosymplectic Hamiltonian systems in first-order classical field theories. Thus, we introduce a particular class of symmetries and study the problem of associating…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-12-15 J. C. Marrero , N. Román-Roy , M. Salgado , S. Vilariño

Noether's theorem is reviewed with a particular focus on an intermediate step between global and local gauge and coordinate transformations, namely linear transformations. We rederive the well known result that global symmetry leads to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Leclerc

Noether's theorem in the realm of point dynamics establishes the correlation of a constant of motion of a Hamilton-Lagrange system with a particular symmetry transformation that preserves the form of the action functional. Although usually…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Jürgen Struckmeier

Anti-Hermitian mass terms are considered, in addition to Hermitian ones, for PT-symmetric complex-scalar and fermionic field theories. In both cases, the Lagrangian can be written in a manifestly symmetric form in terms of the PT-conjugate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-10-02 Jean Alexandre , Peter Millington , Dries Seynaeve

In this paper we study the infinitesimal symmetries, Newtonoid vector fields, infinitesimal Noether symmetries and conservation laws of Hamiltonian systems. Using the dynamical covariant derivative and Jacobi endomorphism on the cotangent…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Liviu Popescu

In Lagrangian mechanics, Noether conservation laws including the energy one are obtained similarly to those in field theory. In Hamiltonian mechanics, Noether conservation laws are issued from the invariance of the Poincare-Cartan integral…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Sardanashvily

Symmetries are defined in histories-based generalized quantum mechanics paying special attention to the class of history theories admitting quasitemporal structure (a generalization of the concept of `temporal sequences' of `events' using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Tulsi Dass , Yogesh N. Joglekar

Noether's Theorem is familiar to most physicists due its fundamental role in linking the existence of conservation laws to the underlying symmetries of a physical system. Typically the systems are described in the particle-based context of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-04 Sophie Hermann , Matthias Schmidt

It is demonstrated that energy conservation allows for a straight derivation of Newtonian mechanics without an apriori definition of the concept of work. Furthermore it is shown that energy must be depicted as a function of position and…

Classical Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 C. Baumgarten

Noether's theorem is a cornerstone of analytical mechanics, making the link between symmetries and conserved quantities. In this article, I propose a simple, geometric derivation of this theorem that circumvents the usual difficulties that…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-02-28 Bahram Houchmandzadeh

We analyze the dynamics of gauge theories and constrained systems in general under small perturbations around a classical solution (background) in both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms. We prove that a fluctuations theory, described by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Olivera Miskovic , Josep M. Pons

The connection between symmetries and conservation laws as made by Noether's theorem is extended to the context of causal variational principles and causal fermion systems. Different notions of continuous symmetries are introduced. It is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-05-13 Felix Finster , Johannes Kleiner

The treatment of exact conservation laws in Lagrangian gauge theories constitutes the main axis of the first part of the thesis. The formalism is developed as a self-consistent theory but is inspired by earlier works, mainly by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-08-24 Geoffrey Compère

A didactic and systematic derivation of Noether point symmetries and conserved currents is put forward in special relativistic field theories, without a priori assumptions about the transformation laws. Given the Lagrangian density, the…

General Physics · Physics 2016-03-17 Fernando Haas

The classical quantization of the motion of a free particle and that of an harmonic oscillator on a double cone are achieved by a quantization scheme [M.C. Nucci, Theor. Math. Phys. 168 (2011) 994], that preserves the Noether point…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-03-01 G. Gubbiotti , M. C. Nucci

Motivated by the study of physical models associated with General Relativity, we review some finite-dimensional, geometric and covariant formulations that allow us to characterize in a simple manner the symmetries for classical field theory…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-07 Jasel Berra-Montiel , Alberto Molgado , Angel Rodríguez-López

We exhibit two symmetries of one-dimensional Newtonian mechanics whereby a solution is built from the history of another solution via a generally nonlinear and complex potential-dependent transformation of the time. One symmetry intertwines…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 Peter Holland

We study the symmetries and conserved quantities in $f(R)$ gravity for the static, spherically symmetric Reissner--Nordstr\"om spacetime using two complementary frameworks: Noether symmetries and Mei symmetries. Starting from a canonical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-01 Tahia F. Dabash , Moataz H. Emam , Lukas Schoppner