Related papers: On the Statistical Significance
The statistical models used to derive the results of experimental analyses are of incredible scientific value and are essential information for analysis preservation and reuse. In this paper, we make the scientific case for systematically…
A measure of complexity based on a probabilistic description of physical systems is proposed. This measure incorporates the main features of the intuitive notion of such a magnitude. It can be applied to many physical situations and to…
Bell tests are of profound statistical nature. Besides physical considerations, the proper understanding of their implications should involve detailed statistical analyses. In this regard, recent works have shown that their consequences and…
Null hypothesis significance tests and p values are widely used despite very strong arguments against their use in many contexts. Confidence intervals are often recommended as an alternative, but these do not achieve the objective of…
The concepts of variability and uncertainty, both epistemic and alleatory, came from experience and coexist with different connotations. Therefore this article attempts to express their relation by analytic means firstly setting sights on…
We will discuss the link between scientific explanations and probabilities, specially in relationship with statistical mechanics and the derivation of macroscopic laws from microscopic ones.
We explain the concept of p-values presupposing only rudimentary probability theory. We also use the occasion to introduce the notion of p-function, so that p-values are values of a p-function. The explanation is restricted to the discrete…
Conventional statistics begins with a model, and assigns a likelihood of obtaining any particular set of data. The opposite approach, beginning with the data and assigning a likelihood to any particular model, is explored here for the case…
Estimating the probability distribution 'q' governing the behaviour of a certain variable by sampling its value a finite number of times most typically involves an error. Successive measurements allow the construction of a histogram, or…
The general relationship between an arbitrary frequency distribution and the expectation value of the frequency distributions of its samples is esablished. A set of combinations of expectation values whose value does not in general depend…
The notion of probability density for a random function is not as straightforward as in finite-dimensional cases. While a probability density function generally does not exist for functional data, we show that it is possible to develop the…
What are the criteria that a measure of statistical evidence should satisfy? It is argued that a measure of evidence should be consistent. Consistency is an asymptotic criterion: the probability that if a measure of evidence in data…
This paper raises concerns about the advantages of using statistical significance tests in research assessments as has recently been suggested in the debate about proper normalization procedures for citation indicators. Statistical…
$P$-values have been the focus of considerable criticism based on various considerations. Still, the $P$-value represents one of the most commonly used statistical tools. When assessing the suitability of a single hypothesized distribution,…
Importance weighting is a fundamental procedure in statistics and machine learning that weights the objective function or probability distribution based on the importance of the instance in some sense. The simplicity and usefulness of the…
We propose a method to estimate the probability of new physics discovery in future high energy physics experiments. Physics simulation gives both the average numbers $<N_b>$ of background and $<N_s>$ of signal events. We find that the…
Probabilistic integration provides a criterion for stopping a simulation when a specified error tolerance is satisfied with high confidence. We comment on some of the modeling assumptions and implementation issues involved in designing an…
In statistics education, the concept of population is widely felt hard to grasp, as a result of vague explanations in textbooks. Some textbook authors therefore chose not to mention it. This paper offers a new explanation by proposing a new…
The paper is focused on the problem of estimating the probability $p$ of individual contaminated sample, under group testing. The precision of the estimator is given by the probability of proportional closeness, a concept defined in the…
How should social scientists understand and communicate the uncertainty of statistically estimated causal effects? I propose we utilize the posterior distribution of a causal effect and present the probability of the effect being greater…