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We express Maxwell's equations as a single equation, first using the divergence of a special type of matrix field to obtain the four current, and then the divergence of a special matrix to obtain the Electromagnetic field. These two…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Henry Gottlieb

The complex form of Maxwell equations has been constructed as one equation for 3-dimensional complex A-vector. The real and imaginary parts of this vector are described with use of electric and magnetic tensions accordingly. With using a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lyudmila A. Alexeyeva

In this paper I shall construct, in a four-dimensional space, all vector-tensor field theories that are conformally invariant, consistent with conservation of charge, and flat space compatible. By the last assumption I mean that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-07 Gregory W. Horndeski

Maxwell's equations describe the evolution of electromagnetic fields, together with constraints on the divergence of the magnetic and electric flux densities. These constraints correspond to fundamental physical laws: the nonexistence of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-02 Yakov Berchenko-Kogan , Ari Stern

On transformation to the Fourier space $({\bf k}, \omega)$, the partial differential Maxwell equations simplify to algebraic equations, and the Helmholtz theorem of vector calculus reduces to vector algebraic projections. Maxwell equations…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Chun Wa Wong

The charge conservation law ($\partial_{\alpha} J^\alpha =0$) usually is considered as a corollary of Maxwell's equations and is not independent of Maxwell's field equations. A circular reasoning, however, is found in the derivation. A…

General Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Changli Liu

Maxwell's equations describe the relation of charge and electric force almost perfectly even though electrons and permanent charge were not in his equations, as he wrote them. For Maxwell, all charge depended on electric field. Charge was…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-03-03 Robert S. Eisenberg

The charging capacitor is used as a standard paradigm for illustrating the concept of the Maxwell "displacement current". A certain aspect of the problem, however, is often overlooked. It concerns the conditions for satisfaction of the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 C. J. Papachristou

In his recently discovered handwritten notes on "An alternate way to handle electrodynamics" dated on 1963, Richard P. Feynman speculated with the idea of getting the inhomogeneous Maxwell's equations for the electric and magnetic fields…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-06-09 José A. Heras , Ricardo Heras

Though sufficient for local conservation of charge, Maxwells displacement current is not necessary. An alternative to the Ampere-Maxwell equation is exhibited and the alternatives electric and magnetic fields and scalar and vector…

Classical Physics · Physics 2014-12-01 Alan M. Wolsky

The derivation of the Maxwell equations is reproduced whereby magnetic charges are included. This ansatz yields the results: 1) Longitudinal Ampere forces in a differential magnetostatic force law are improbable. Otherwise an electric…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 W. D. Bauer

Though sufficient for local conservation of charge, we show that Maxwells displacement current is not necessary. An alternative to the Ampere Maxwell equation is exhibited and the alternative s electric and magnetic fields and scalar and…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Alan M. Wolsky

In 19th century Maxwell derived Maxwell equations from the knowledge of three experimental physical laws: the Coulomb's law, the Ampere's force law and Faraday's law of induction. However, theoretical basis for Ampere's force law and…

Classical Physics · Physics 2021-01-27 Hrvoje Dodig

We investigate the charges and fluxes that can occur in higher-order Abelian gauge theories defined on compact space-time manifolds with boundary. The boundary is necessary to supply a destination to the electric lines of force emanating…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Marcos Alvarez , David I. Olive

A long-standing controversy concerning the causes of the magnetic field in and around a parallel-plate capacitor is examined. Three possible sources of contention are noted and detailed. The first is the ambiguous initial impression given…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Toshio Hyodo

We explore the intimate connection between spacetime geometry and electrodynamics. This link is already implicit in the constitutive relations between the field strengths and excitations, which are an essential part of the axiomatic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-14 Francisco Cabral , Francisco S. N. Lobo

Two questions connected to the macroscopic Maxwell equations are addressed: First, which form do they assume in the hydrodynamic regime, for low frequencies, strong dissipation and arbitrary field strengths. Second, what does this tell us…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mario Liu

It has been proposed that any coupling constant in a covariant action can be treated as a conserved charge by promoting the coupling constant to auxiliary fields, typically realized by a scalar field paired with a higher-form gauge field.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-15 Sojeong Cheong , Myungseok Eune , Wontae Kim , Mungon Nam

The aim of this article is to investigate the well-posedness, stability and convergence of solutions to the time-dependent Maxwell's equations for electric field in conductive media in continuous and discrete settings. The situation we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-21 Eric Lindström , Larisa Beilina

The axiomatic structure of the electromagnetic theory is outlined. We will base classical electrodynamics on (1) electric charge conservation, (2) the Lorentz force, (3) magnetic flux conservation, and (4) on the Maxwell-Lorentz spacetime…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Friedrich W. Hehl , Yuri N. Obukhov