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This note is by no means a comprehensive study of Minkowski's space-time formalism of special relativity. The mathematician, Hermann Minkowski was Einstein's former mathematics professor at the Z\"urich Polytechnic. During his studies at…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-10-26 Galina Weinstein

Childhood and Schooldays: Albert Einstein, and the family members seemed to have exaggerated the story of Albert who developed slowly, learned to talk late, and whose parents thought he was abnormal. These and other stories were adopted by…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-05-22 Galina Weinstein

Einstein's famous 1938 experiment to test relativity of time is plagued by too many ambiguities and does not prove anything. Nevertheless, it is a landmark experiment at the foundation of the modern theory of time perception.

Popular Physics · Physics 2012-04-02 Z. K. Silagadze

Over the years many have written biographies of Einstein. They all based their biographies on primary sources, archival material: memories and letters of people who were in contact with Einstein, Einstein's own recollections; interviews…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-05-25 Galina Weinstein

On November 23, 2021, the Einstein-Besso manuscript on the perihelion motion of Mercury will be auctioned at Christie's. Expected to fetch around $3M, it promises to be the most expensive scientific manuscript ever sold at auction. In this…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-11-23 Michel Janssen , Jürgen Renn

Einsteins general theory of relativity is one of the most important accomplishments in the history of science. Its experimental verification a century ago is therefore an essential milestone that is worth celebrating in full. We reassess…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2019-07-31 Luís C. B. Crispino , Daniel Kennefick

I discuss Albert Einstein's 1916 General Theory of Relativity. I show that in Einstein's 1916 review paper, "the Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity", he derived his November 25, 1915 field equations with an additional term on…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-01-26 Galina Weinstein

It took eight years after Einstein announced the basic physical ideas behind the relativistic gravity theory before the proper mathematical formulation of general relativity was mastered. The efforts of the greatest physicist and of the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ivan T. Todorov

The confrontation between General Relativity and experimental results, notably binary pulsar data, is summarized and its significance discussed. The agreement between experiment and theory is numerically very impressive. However, some…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 T. Damour

On the basis of his `Z\"urich Notebook' I shall describe a particularly fruitful phase in Einstein's struggle on the way to general relativity. These research notes are an extremely illuminating source for understanding Einstein's main…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-03-30 Norbert Straumann

Einstein's thesis ``A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions'' was the second of his five celebrated papers in 1905. Although it is -- thanks to its widespread practical applications -- the most quoted of his papers, it is less known…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Norbert Straumann

This article is a partly pedagogical, partly historical and partly technical review of special relativity and its experimental foundations, in honor of the centenary of Einstein's annus mirabilis.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Clifford M. Will

This article is an overview of 100 years of testing general relativity, to be published in the book General Relativity and Gravitation: A Centennial Perspective, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of general relativity. It is effectively…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-09-30 Clifford M. Will

In 1926 Albert Einstein gave a clear explanation of the physical processes involved in the meander formation and evolution in open channels (Einstein, 1926). Although this work is far from being recognized as one of his greatest…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-05-17 Enrique M. Padilla , Birgit L. Emberger , Manuel Diez-Minguito

We present a translation of Albert Einstein's Rio de Janeiro manuscript on light quanta. In it, Einstein evaluates the Bohr-Kramers-Slater refutation of light quanta, which was concurrently the subject of intense empirical scrutiny on two…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard A. Campos

I discuss Albert Einstein's 1914 review paper, "The Formal Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" from two points of view: the main elements in the paper that appear to have led to the downfall of the Einstein-Grossman theory; and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-01-26 Galina Weinstein

Einstein's own demonstration of time dilation taken from his book with L. Infeld (1938) is analyzed. His ingenious circumnavigation of an apparent discrepancy between clock synchronisation and Lorentz transformation is discussed.

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2019-11-07 Wolfgang Engelhardt

We present a historical review of Einstein's 1917 paper 'Cosmological Considerations in the General Theory of Relativity' to mark the centenary of a key work that set the foundations of modern cosmology. We find that the paper followed as a…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Cormac O'Raifeartaigh , Michael O'Keeffe , Werner Nahm , Simon Mitton

In 1905 the well-known physicist Max Planck was coeditor of the Annalen der Physik, and he accepted Einstein's paper on light quanta for publication, even though he disliked the idea of "light quanta". Einstein's relativity paper was…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-07-09 Galina Weinstein

In this contribution I discuss a peak in Einstein's endeavor to extract as much information as possible about the nature of radiation from the Planck distribution is his paper "On the Quantum Theory of Radiation" of 1916. This is one of the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-03-27 Norbert Straumann