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In 1905 A. Einstein, from the experiments of Michelson and Morley in 1887, enunciates the light speed constancy principle in the inertial frames of reference. However, this principle was pointed by the equations of the electromagnetism of…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Enrique Ordaz Romay

Homogeneity of space and time, spatial isotropy, principle of relativity and the existence of a finite speed limit (or its variants) are commonly believed to be the only axioms required for developing the special theory of relativity…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-09-07 Somajit Dey

Vectorial analysis relating to derivation of deflection of light is presented. Curvilinear acceleration is distinguished from the Newtonian polar conic acceleration. The difference between the two is due to the curvature term. Lorentz…

General Physics · Physics 2014-12-09 Vikram H. Zaveri

In the present study, we have derived the Lorentz factor using a coordinate system with antiparallel X-axes. Using a thought experiment, common in relativistic literature, we have used the case of a pulse of light moving along the X-axis.…

Popular Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Diego Roldan , Rodrigo Sempertegui , Francisco Roldan

Based on the physical interpretation of the photon continuity equation derived in [M. Hawton, Phys. Rev. A 109, 062221 (2024) ] the standard Lagrangian is second quantized to obtain a Lorentz and gauge invariant theory of single photons.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Margaret Hawton

The equation of the Doppler shift of two bodies in inertial motion in a reference frame at rest (i.e., stationary reference frame) is derived. In this derivation, the wave-particle duality of photons in the theory of special relativity is…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Masanori Sato

In the framework of special relativity, all particles are point-like or string-like. This nature of particles has caused the divergence difficulties in quantum field, string and superstring theories. In the framework of special relativity,…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jian-Miin Liu

We discuss a way to obtain the doubly special relativity kinematical rules (the deformed energy-momentum relation and the nonlinear Lorentz transformations of momenta) starting from a singular Lagrangian action of a particle with linearly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-08-09 B. F. Rizzuti , A. A. Deriglazov

We present a derivation of the relativistic length-contraction formula based on Lorentz space-time transformations on non-simultaneous events. Our derivation avoids the disputable story about the stationary observer and its simultaneous…

Classical Physics · Physics 2012-04-23 Aleksandar Gjurchinovski

A derivation of the relative velocity used in the definition of the relativistic cross-section is given in terms of manifestly Lorentz invariant quantities. Along the way we find that there is a certain arbitrariness in the usual definition…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-28 David Garfinkle

The constancy of light speed is a basic assumption in Einstein's special relativity, and consequently the Lorentz invariance is a fundamental symmetry of space-time in modern physics. However, it is speculated that the speed of light…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-11-23 Shu Zhang , Bo-Qiang Ma

In the special theory of relativity, Lorentz invariance is extended in Minkowski spacetime from ideal inertial observers to actual observers by means of the hypothesis of locality, which postulates that accelerated observers are always…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-18 Bahram Mashhoon

Lorentz invariance, the fundamental symmetry of Einstein's theory of Special Relativity, has been established and tested by many classical and modern experiments. However, many theories that unify the Standard Model of particle physics and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-15 Fabian Kislat , Henric Krawczynski

Can a simple microscopic model of space and time demonstrate Special Relativity as the macroscopic (aggregate) behavior of an ensemble ? The question will be investigated in three parts. First, it is shown that the Lorentz transformation…

General Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Richard Lieu

Following an approach proposed by Rosser for deriving the transformation equations of volume charge density and current density we derive the transformation equations for the space-time coordinates of the same event, for the mass and the…

General Physics · Physics 2008-12-02 Bernhard Rothenstein , Stefan Popescu

We derive the general formula for Lorentz-transformed spin density matrix. It is shown that an appropriate Lorentz transformation can prduce totally unpolarized state out of pure one. Further properties, as depurification by an arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Cezary Gonera , Piotr Kosinski , Pawel Maslanka

Motivated by ultra-high-energy cosmic ray physics, we discuss all the possible alternatives to the familiar Lorentz transformations of the momentum and the energy of a particle. Starting from natural physical requirements, we exclude all…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Toller

Lorentz Transformation is reinterpreted. It is shown that by admitting the existence of a frame of reference with synchronized clocks, we conclude that any other frame of reference that moves related to the first has desynchronized clocks.…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodrigo de Abreu

The theory of special relativity derives from the Lorentz transformation. The Lorentz transformation implies differential simultaneity and light speed isotropy. Experiments to probe differential simultaneity should be able to distinguish…

General Physics · Physics 2016-08-31 Edward T. Kipreos , Riju S. Balachandran

We show that the standard Lorentz transformations admit an invariant mass (length) scale, such as the Planck scale. In other words, the frame independence of such scale is built-in within those transformations, and one does not need to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-04-17 Pasquale Bosso , Saurya Das