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An extensive sensor testing campaign is presented, dedicated to measuring the charge collection properties of prototype candidates for the Vertex Locator (VELO) detector for the upgraded LHCb experiment. The charge collection is measured…

The collection of charge carriers generated in p+n strip sensors close to the Si-SiO2 interface before and after 1 MGy of X-ray irradiation has been investigated using the transient current technique with sub-nanosecond focused light pulses…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-05-03 Thomas Poehlsen , Eckhart Fretwurst , Robert Klanner , Joern Schwandt , Jiaguo Zhang

The tracking system of the CMS experiment, currently under construction at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland), will include a silicon pixel detector providing three spacial measurements in its final configuration…

Investigation of HV-CMOS sensors for use as a tracking detector in the ATLAS experiment at the upgraded LHC (HL-LHC) has recently been an active field of research. A potential candidate for a pixel detector built in Silicon-On-Insulator…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-10-27 B. Hiti , V. Cindro , A. Gorišek , T. Hemperek , T. Kishishita , G. Kramberger , H. Krüger , I. Mandić , M. Mikuž , N. Wermes , M. Zavrtanik

We show that doubly peaked electric fields are necessary to describe grazing-angle charge collection measurements of irradiated silicon pixel sensors. A model of irradiated silicon based upon two defect levels with opposite charge states…

HV-CMOS pixel sensors are a promising option for the tracker upgrade of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, as well as for other future tracking applications in which large areas are to be instrumented with radiation-tolerant silicon pixel…

Charge multiplication (CM) in p$^+$n epitaxial silicon pad diodes of 75, 100 and 150 $\upmu$m thickness at high voltages after proton irradiation with 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluences in the order of $10^{16}$ cm$^{-2}$ was studied as an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-11-21 Jörn Lange , Julian Becker , Eckhart Fretwurst , Robert Klanner , Gunnar Lindström

The tracking detector of ATLAS, one of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), will be upgraded in 2024-2026 to cope with the challenging environment conditions of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The LPNHE, in collaboration…

The CMS experiment at the LHC includes a hybrid silicon pixel detector for the reconstruction of charged tracks and of the interaction vertices. The detector is made of three barrel layers and two disks at each end of the barrel. Detector…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2007-10-29 Vincenzo Chiochia

To cope with the challenging environment of the planned high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), scheduled to start operation in 2029, CMS will replace its entire tracking system. The requirements for the tracker are…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-12-12 The Tracker Group of the CMS Collaboration

Modern scientific instruments operate under increasingly extreme constraints on bandwidth, latency, and power. Inference at the sensor edge determines experimental data collection efficiency by deciding which information to save for further…

Active Pixel Sensor (APS) technology has shown promise for next-generation vertex detectors. This paper discusses the design and testing of two generations of APS chips. Both are arrays of 128 by 128 pixels, each 20 by 20 micro-m. Each…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2011-07-19 H. S. Matis , F. Bieser , S. Kleinfelder , G. Rai , F. Retiere , H. G. Ritter , K. Singh , S. E. Wurzel , H. Wieman , E. Yamamoto

Edge-TCT and charge collection measurements with passive test structures made in LFoundry 150 nm CMOS process on p-type substrate with initial resistivity of over 3 k$\Omega$cm are presented. Measurements were made before and after…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-08-01 I. Mandić , V. Cindro , A. Gorišek , B. Hiti , G. Kramberger , M. Zavrtanik , M. Mikuž , T. Hemperek

CMOS Pixel Sensors tend to become relevant for a growing spectrum of charged particle detection instruments. This comes mainly from their high granularity and low material budget. However, several potential applications require a higher…

During the scheduled high luminosity upgrade of LHC, the world's largest particle physics accelerator at CERN, the position sensitive silicon detectors installed in the vertex and tracking part of the CMS experiment will face more intense…

Detectors planned for use at the Large Hadron Collider will operate in a radiation field produced by beam collisions. To predict the radiation damage to the components of the detectors, prototype devices are irradiated at test beam…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-17 Prabhakar Palni , Martin Hoeferkamp , Aaron Taylor , Sandip Vora , Haley McDuff , Qufei Gu , Sally Seidel

Pixelated silicon detectors are state-of-the-art technology to achieve precise tracking and vertexing at collider experiments, designed to accurately measure the hit position of incoming particles in high rate and radiation environments.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-08 I. Zoi , A. Ebrahimi , F. Feindt , E. Garutti , P. Gunnellini , A. Hinzmann , C. Niemeyer , D. Pitzl , J. Schwandt , G. Steinbrück

A method is presented which allows to obtain the position-dependent electric field and charge density by fits to velocity profiles from edge-TCT data from silicon strip-detectors. The validity and the limitations of the method are…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-01-08 R. Klanner , G. Kramberger , I. Mandic , M. Mikuz , M. Milovanovic , J. Schwandt

A CMOS pixel sensor, named Supix-1, is developed for a pixelated silicon tracker for the Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC) project. The sensor, consisted of nine sectors varying in pixel sizes, diode sizes and geometries, is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-02-24 Long Li , Liang Zhang , Jianing Dong , Jian Liu , Meng Wang

Small-pitch 3D silicon pixel detectors have been investigated as radiation-hard candidates for the innermost layers of the HL-LHC pixel detector upgrades. Prototype 3D sensors with pixel sizes of 50$\times$50 and 25$\times$100 $\mu$m$^{2}$…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-09-18 J. Lange , G. Giannini , S. Grinstein , M. Manna , G. Pellegrini , D. Quirion , S. Terzo , D. Vázquez Furelos