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This brief survey analyzes the epistemological implications about the role of observer in the interpretations of Quantum Mechanics. As we know, the goal of most interpretations of quantum mechanics is to avoid the apparent intrusion of the…

General Physics · Physics 2008-11-25 Michele Caponigro

Quantum mechanics can emerge from classical statistics. A typical quantum system describes an isolated subsystem of a classical statistical ensemble with infinitely many classical states. The state of this subsystem can be characterized by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 C. Wetterich

There is a multitude of interpretations of quantum mechanics, but foundational principles are lacking. Relational quantum mechanics views the observer as a physical system, which allows for an unambiguous interpretation as all axioms are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-16 Dorian Daimer , Susanne Still

A functional analysis of the task of observing multiple macroscopic quantum systems over an extended period of time and then reporting the accumulated results is used to investigate the information that must be encoded in the "ready" state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-08 Chris Fields

In this brief note I argue that putting conscious observers at the center of the considerations clarifies and strengthens the many-worlds interpretation. The basic assumption, which seems extremely plausible based on our current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-04 Christoph Simon

Without Niels Bohr, QBism would be nothing. But QBism is not Bohr. This paper attempts to show that, despite a popular misconception, QBism is no minor tweak to Bohr's interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is something quite distinct.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-13 Christopher A. Fuchs

Determinism is established in quantum mechanics by tracing the probabilities in the Born rules back to the absolute (overall) phase constants of the wave functions and recognizing these phase constants as pseudorandom numbers. The reduction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-25 Arthur Jabs

Measurement is a fundamental notion in the usual approximate quantum mechanics of measured subsystems. Probabilities are predicted for the outcomes of measurements. State vectors evolve unitarily in between measurements and by reduction of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-14 James B. Hartle

Let $V=\mathbb{C}^N$, and $H$ (an observable) a Hermitian linear operator on $V$. Let $v_1,..., v_n$ be an orthonormal basis for $V$. Let $\mathcal{M}$ be a measurement apparatus prepared to measure a state of an observed system and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-10-16 Tuyen Trung Truong

The quantum mechanics postulate called the Born Rule attributes a probabilistic meaning to a wave function. This paper derives the Born Rule from other quantum principles along with a model of the measurement process. The nondeterministic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Alan Schaum

Many of the conceptual problems students have in understanding quantum mechanics arise from the way probabilities are introduced in standard (textbook) quantum theory through the use of measurements. Introducing consistent microscopic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert B. Griffiths

As contrasted with physicists to idolize Bell's theorem and quantum nonlocality, we argue that quantum mechanics (QM), in reality, respects the principles of a macroscopic realism (PMRs). The current QM to tell us that "... the state of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-09-20 N. L. Chuprikov

Quantum Measurements regarded in Systems Selfdescription framework for measuring system (MS) consist of measured state S environment E and observer $O$ processing input S signal. $O$ regarded as quantum object which interaction with S,E…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Mayburov

We argue that measurement data in quantum physics can be rigorously interpreted only as a result of a statistical, macroscopic process, taking into account the indistinguishable character of identical particles. Quantum determinism is in…

General Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Patrick Navez , Henni Ouerdane

A rigorous theory of quantum state reduction, the state change of the measured system caused by a measurement conditional upon the outcome of measurement, is developed fully within quantum mechanics without leading to the vicious circle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Masanao Ozawa

In this paper I present a thought experiment that gives different results depending on whether or not the wavefunction collapses. Since the wavefunction does not obey the Schrodinger equation during the collapse, conservation laws are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-29 Sivapalan Chelvaniththilan

The notion of state vector is, in quantum mechanics, as central as it is problematic, as illustrates the wealth of publications about the sub- jects, including in particular the many attempts to obtain an acceptable interpretation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-07 Olivier Brunet

This article may be seen as a summary and a final discussion of the work that the author has done in recent years on the foundation of quantum theory. It is shown that quantum mechanics as a model follows under certain specific conditions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-21 Inge S. Helland

We formulate quantum mechanics as an effective theory of an underlying structure characterized by microstates $|{\mathcal M}^j(t)\rangle$, each one defined by the quantum state $|\Psi(t)\rangle$ and a complete set of commutative observables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-30 Marco Matone

I. The arena of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory is the abstract, unobserved and unobservable, M-dimensional formal Hilbert space [not equal to] spacetime. II. The arena of observations and, more generally, of all events (i.e.…

General Physics · Physics 2023-10-05 Johan Hansson