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The field equations of general relativity can be derived from the Einstein action, which is quadratic in connection coefficients, rather than the standard action involving the Gibbons-Hawking-York term and counterterm. We show that it is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-08 Martin Krššák

This article, written to appear as a chapter in "The Springer Handbook of Spacetime", is a review of the initial value problem for Einstein's gravitational field theory in general relativity. Designed to be accessible to graduate students…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 James Isenberg

The exterior solution for an arbitrary charged, massive source, is studied as a static deviation from the Reissner-Nordstr\o m metric. This is reduced to two coupled ordinary differential equations for the gravitational and electrostatic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 J. Ocariz , H. Rago

We critically examine the evidence available of the early ideas on the bending of light due to a gravitational attraction, which led to the concept of gravitational lenses, and attempt to present an undistorted historical perspective.…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-06-07 David Valls-Gabaud

Recently, it has been shown that Absolute Parallelism (AP) geometry admits paths that are naturally quantized. These paths have been used to describe the motion of spinning particles in a background gravitational field. In case of a weak…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-09 M. I. Wanas , M. E. Kahil

There is a myth that Einstein's discovery of general relativity was due to his following beautiful mathematics to discover new insights about nature. I argue that this is an incorrect reading of the history and that what Einstein did was to…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-12-24 Lee Smolin

The analysis of a general multibody physical system governed by Einstein's equations in quite difficult, even if numerical methods (on a computer) are used. Some of the difficulties -- many coupled degrees of freedom, dynamic instability --…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 James A. Isenberg

The gravitational field of an idealized plane-wave solution of the Maxwell equations can be described in closed form. After discussing this particular solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations, the motion of neutral test particles, which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-28 Jan . W. van Holten

We continue recent work and formulate the gravitational vacuum Einstein equations over a locally finite spacetime by using the basic axiomatics, techniques, ideas and working philosophy of Abstract Differential Geometry. The whole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Anastasios Mallios , Ioannis Raptis

We have obtained the most general solution of the Einstein vacuum equation for the axially symmetric stationary metric in which both the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for particle motion and the Klein - Gordon equation are separable. It can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Naresh Dadhich , Z. Ya. Turakulov

We show that Einstein's $R^{\hat{0} \hat{0}}$ equation for nonrelativistic matter and strong gravitational fields is identical with Newton's equation for relative radial acceleration of neighbouring freefalling particles, spherically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-01 Christoph Schmid

We determine exact and analytic solutions of the gravitational field equations in Einstein-aether scalar model field with a Bianchi I background space. In particular, we consider nonlinear interactions of the scalar field with the aether…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-15 Andronikos Paliathanasis , Genly Leon

In the standard Einstein's theory the exterior gravitational field of any static and axially symmetric stellar object can be described by means of a single function from which we obtain a metric into a four-dimensional space-time. In this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-19 J. L. Hernández-Pastora

Attempts to merge Einsteinian gravity with Newtonian run into inconsistencies because in Newton's gravity time is absolute and the speed of gravity is infinite. Such an assumption was in a focus of attention of scientists in 19th century…

General Physics · Physics 2015-08-19 Arkady L. Kholodenko

The closed system of Hamilton equations is derived for all tensor components of the free gravitational field $g_{\alpha\beta}$ and corresponding momenta $\pi^{\gamma\delta}$ in the metric General Relativity. The Hamilton-Jacobi equation for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-13 Alexei M. Frolov

Recent developments in observational cosmology have led to attempts to make modifications on both sides of the Einstein equation to explain some of the puzzling new findings. What follows is an examination of the source of gravity that we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-23 Edward A Spiegel

As is well-known, the Schwarzschild metric cannot be derived based on pre-general-relativistic physics alone, which means using only special relativity, the Einstein equivalence principle and the Newtonian limit. The standard way to derive…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-13 Klaus Kassner

We show that Einstein's gravitational field has zero energy, momentum, and stress. This conclusion follows directly from the gravitational field equations, in conjunction with the differential law of energy-momentum conservation $…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 Kenneth Dalton

We apply the topological quantization method to some gravitational fields which can be represented as generalized harmonic maps. This representation extends the well-known concept of harmonic maps and allows us to describe some solutions to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-02-04 Francisco Nettel

This note is based on a relatively unknown paper of Albert Einstein published in 1941 in the Revista de la Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. That work can be regarded as the prequel of the one written in 1943 in collaboration with Wolfgang…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-07-05 Mariano Galvagno , Gaston Giribet