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Scalar fields have had a long and controversial life in gravity theories, having progressed through many deaths and resurrections. The first scientific gravity theory, Newton's, was that of a scalar potential field, so it was natural for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Carl H. Brans

We perform an analysis where Einstein's field equation is derived by means of very simple thermodynamical arguments. Our derivation is based on a consideration of the properties of a very small, spacelike two-plane in a uniformly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-11 Jarmo Makela , Ari Peltola

Exact time-dependent solutions of Einstein's gravitational field equation for a spherical mass moving with arbitrarily high constant velocity are derived and analyzed. The threshold conditions required for gravitational repulsion of…

General Physics · Physics 2008-10-28 Franklin S. Felber

In summer 1923, a year after his lectures on the `New Foundation of Mathematics' and half a year before the republication of his two notes on the `Foundations of Physics,' Hilbert delivered a trilogy of lectures in Hamburg. In these…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Ulrich Majer , Tilman Sauer

In contrast to electrodynamics, Einstein's gravitation equations are not invariant with respect to a wide class of the mapping of field variables which leave equations of motion of test particles in a given coordinate system invariant. It…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-05-20 Leonid Verozub

In this paper, we investigate Einstein's gravity induced from higher-derivative scalar field theories. We develop an approach utilizing an effective theory of multiple fields for the higher-derivative theory. The expressions for induced…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-29 Nahomi Kan , Kiyoshi Shiraishi

The Einstein field equations for a class of irrotational non-orthogonally transitive $G_{2}$ cosmologies are written down as a system of partial differential equations. The equilibrium points are self-similar and can be written as a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-01 C. G. Hewitt

The laws of gravitation devised by Newton, and by Hilbert and Einstein, have failed many experimental and observational tests, namely the bore hole g anomaly, flat rotation curves for spiral galaxies, supermassive black hole mass spectrum,…

General Physics · Physics 2011-10-26 Reginald T Cahill

In this manuscript we review the theoretical foundations of gravitational waves in the framework of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. Following Einstein's early efforts we first derive the linearised Einstein field equations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-22 Alain Dirkes

Albert Einstein's real "biggest blunder" was not the 1917 introduction into his gravitational field equations of a cosmological constant term \Lambda, rather was his failure in 1916 to distinguish between the entirely different concepts of…

General Physics · Physics 2012-10-31 Homer G. Ellis

The demand to obtain answers to highly complex problems within strong-field gravity has been met with significant progress in the numerical solution of Einstein's equations - along with some spectacular results - in various setups. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-11-11 Vitor Cardoso , Leonardo Gualtieri , Carlos Herdeiro , Ulrich Sperhake

In this article we find the general, exact solution for the gravitational field equations for diagonal, vacuum, separable metrics. These are metrics each of whose terms can be separated into functions of each space-time variable separately.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-10-05 Ron Lenk

The confrontation between Einstein's gravitation theory and experimental results, notably binary pulsar data, is summarized and its significance discussed. Experiment and theory agree at the 10^{-3} level. All the basic structures of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Thibault Damour

The energy density of the gravitational field is a full-fledged source of the gravitational field. This principle of Einstein was not implemented by him in the Einstein equation. Not long ago it was possible to find an energy-momentum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-19 Aritra Sanyal , Valery B. Morozov

There are at least two ways to deduce Einstein's field equations from the principle of maximum force $c^4/4G$ or from the equivalent principle of maximum power $c^5/4G$. Tests in gravitational wave astronomy, cosmology, and numerical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-07 Arun Kenath , Christoph Schiller , C. Sivaram

Evans developed a classical unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism on the background of a spacetime obeying a Riemann-Cartan geometry. In an accompanying paper I, we analyzed this theory and summarized it in nine…

Classical Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Friedrich W. Hehl , Yuri N. Obukhov

We study influence of gravitational field on the mass-energy equivalence relation by incorporating gravitation in the physical situation considered by Einstein (Ann. Physik, 17, 1905, English translation in ref. [1]) for his first…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. V. R. Pandya

An alternative approach to Einstein's theory of General Relativity (GR) is reviewed, which is motivated by a range of serious theoretical issues inflicting the theory, such as the cosmological constant problem, presence of non-Machian…

General Physics · Physics 2016-07-13 Ram Gopal Vishwakarma

[Translation of and Commentary on L\'eon Rosenfeld's "Ueber die Gravitationwirkungen des Lichtes", Zeitschrift fur Physik 65: 589-599 (1930). Originally published in German. Submitted for publication on September 26, 1930. See [1] in the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-08-09 Alessio Rocci

Solving Einstein's equations precisely for strong-field gravitational systems is essential to determining the full physics content of gravitational wave detections. Without these solutions it is not possible to infer precise values for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-04 Robert A. Eisenstein