Related papers: Why do gallium clusters have a higher melting poin…
We study the temperature structure of the rich cluster of galaxies Abell 1367 using two independent methods of correcting for the ASCA PSF. The results of the two methods are in excellent agreement and give solid evidence of a strong and…
We report the results of detailed thermodynamic investigations of the Sn$_{20}$ cluster using density-functional molecular dynamics. These simulations have been performed over a temperature range of 150 to 3000 K, with a total simulation…
The gas in galaxy clusters is heated by shock compression through accretion (outer shocks) and mergers (inner shocks). These processes additionally produce turbulence. To analyse the relation between the thermal and turbulent energies of…
Recent observations by Chandra and XMM-Newton demonstrate that the central gas in "cooling flow" galaxy clusters has a mass cooling rate that decreases rapidly with decreasing temperature. This contrasts the predictions of a steady state…
We examine the relationship between the mass and x-ray gas temperature of galaxy clusters using data drawn from the literature. Simple theoretical arguments suggest that the mass of a cluster is related to the x-ray temperature as $M…
ASCA and ROSAT X-ray data are used to obtain two-dimensional maps of the gas temperature, pressure and specific entropy in the Triangulum Australis cluster of galaxies. We find that this hot (T_e=10.3+-0.8 keV) system probably has a…
We present a mass-temperature profile of gas within the central 10 kpc of a small sample of cool core clusters. The mass of the hottest gas phases, at 1.5 and 0.7 keV, is determined from X-ray spectra from the XMM Reflection Grating…
MgO is an abundant mineral in the rocky mantle of terrestrial planets, but its melting behaviors remain enigmatic. Here we introduce a simple theoretical model to investigate the B1-liquid transition of MgO up to 370 GPa. Vibrational free…
Gallium (Ga) displays several metastable phases. Superconductivity is strongly enhanced in the metastable $\mathrm{\beta}$-Ga with a critical temperature $T_\mathrm{c}= 6.04(5)\,\mathrm{K}$, while stable $\mathrm{\alpha}$-Ga has a much…
The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) at the center of our Galaxy is the best template to study star formation processes under extreme conditions, similar to those in high-redshift galaxies. We observed on-the-fly maps of para-H$_{2}$CO…
New experimental results from the multimirror trap GOL-3 are presented. Deuterium plasma of $~10^21 m^-3$ density is heated by a high power relativistic electron beam (peak parameters are ~1 MeV, ~25 kA, ~8 $\mu$s, ~120 kJ). Magnetic system…
We have assembled a large sample of virialized systems, comprising 66 galaxy clusters, groups and elliptical galaxies with high quality X-ray data. To each system we have fitted analytical profiles describing the gas density and temperature…
The physical properties of plutonium and plutonium-based intermetallic compounds are extremely sensitive to temperature, pressure, and chemical alloying. A celebrated example is the high-temperature $\delta$ phase plutonium, which can be…
In many clusters of galaxies there is evidence for cooling flow in the central regions. A possibility is that a fraction of the gas forms cold molecular clouds. We investigate the minimum temperature which can be reached by clouds in…
Experimental measurements of the specific heat in glass-forming systems reveal anomalies in the temperature dependence of the specific heat, including the so called "specific heat peak" in the vicinity of the glass transition. The aim of…
We consider a black hole solution with a non-trivial dilaton from IIB super gravity which is expected to describe a strongly coupled hot gauge plasma with non-vanishing gluon condensation present. We construct a rotating and moving baryon…
We present a temperature map and a temperature profile of the central part (r < 20' or 1/4 virial radius) of the Coma cluster. We combined 5 overlapping pointings made with XMM/EPIC/MOS and extracted spectra in boxes of 3.5' X 3.5'. The…
Observations of gravitational lensing indicate that the mass distribution in clusters of galaxies (where most of the mass is dark matter) is highly peaked towards the center, while X-ray observations imply that the gas is more extended. The…
We present an analysis of the temperature dependence of the optical response of small sodium clusters in a temperature range bracketing the melting phase transition. When the temperature increases, the mean excitation energy undergoes a red…
Melting of 3D solids is often preceded by a melting of their surface, a distinct process which begins at a temperature lower than the melting temperature. Until now, surface melting was investigated mostly by diffraction or other…