Related papers: Small rare gas clusters in soft X-ray pulses
Clusters of galaxies are the most massive objects in the Universe and precise knowledge of their mass structure is important to understand the history of structure formation and constrain still unknown types of dark contents of the…
It is now generally agreed that some process prevents the diffuse gas in galaxy clusters from cooling significantly, although there is less agreement about the nature of this process. I suggest that cluster gas may be heated by a natural…
The thermodynamics of the diffuse, X-ray emitting gas in clusters of galaxies is linked to the entropy level of the intra cluster medium. In particular, models that successfully reproduce the properties of local X-ray clusters and groups…
Despite decades of intensive experimental and theoretical efforts, the physics of cuprate high-temperature superconductors in general, and, in particular, their normal state, is still under debate. Here, we report our investigation of…
The number of known diffuse radio sources in clusters of galaxies has grown in recent years, making it possible to derive statistical properties of these sources and of the hosting clusters. We show that diffuse sources are associated with…
We review the latest developments in our X-ray observational and theoretical understanding of the outskirts of galaxy clusters, and their connection to the cosmic web. The faint cluster outskirts are challenging regions to observe in…
There is increasing evidence that some heating mechanism in addition to gravitational shock heating has been important for the hot gas inside clusters and groups of galaxies, as indicated by their observed X-ray scaling properties. While…
We show that the hard X-ray (HXR) emission observed from several galaxy clusters is naturally explained by a simple model, in which the nonthermal emission is produced by inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave background photons by…
Chandra has significantly advanced our knowledge of the processes in the intracluster gas. The discovery of remarkably regular ``cold fronts'', or contact discontinuities, in merging clusters showed that gas dynamic instabilities at the…
Relativistic electrons generated by the interaction of petawatt-class short laser pulses with solid targets can be used to generate bright X-rays via bremsstrahlung. The efficiency of laser energy transfer into these electrons depends on…
We calculate the distribution of electrons in clusters of galaxies, resulting from thermalization processes in the presence of stochastic acceleration due to plasma waves. We show that the electron distribution can deviate from a…
We aim at studying scaling relations of a small but well defined sample of galaxy clusters that includes the recently discovered class of objects that are X-ray faint for their mass. These clusters have an average low X-ray surface…
The properties of X-ray clusters of galaxies can be well understood in terms of a competition between shock heating and adiabatic compression. Strong shocks are expected to be important for massive clusters, while adiabatic compression is…
We present an 82 ksec Chandra ACIS-I observation of a large-scale hierarchical complex, which consists of various clusters/groups of galaxies and low-surface brightness X-ray emission at z = 0.247. This high-resolution {\sl Chandra}…
High resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the hot gas in galaxy clusters has shown that the gas is not cooling to low temperatures at the predicted rates of hundreds to thousands of solar masses per year. X-ray images have revealed giant…
We show that Compton scattering by electrons of the hot intergalactic gas in galaxy clusters should lead to peculiar distortions of the cosmic background X-ray and soft gamma-ray radiation - an increase in its brightness at E<60-100 keV and…
While rich clusters are powerful sources of X-rays, gamma-ray emission from these large cosmic structures has not been detected yet. X-ray radiative energy losses in the central regions of relaxed galaxy clusters are so strong that one…
The X-ray background intensity around Lick count galaxies and rich clusters of galaxies is investigated in three ROSAT energy bands. It is found that the X-ray enhancements surrounding concentrations of galaxies exhibit significantly softer…
We investigate the relationship between soft \xray luminosity and mass for low redshift clusters of galaxies by comparing observed number counts to expectations of $\Lambda$CDM cosmologies. We use a three-parameter model for the conditional…
Using Chandra X-ray observations and optical imaging and spectroscopy of a flux-limited sample of 5 fossil groups, supplemented by additional systems from the literature, we provide the first detailed study of the scaling properties of…