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The simple 3-D radiative transfer model in the atmosphere of the Earth is built for numerical comparison of direct solar radiation and limb scattering background at the definite layer during the deep twilight period at the middle and upper…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Oleg S. Ugolnikov

Intelligent transportation systems require accurate and reliable sensing. However, adverse environments, such as rain, snow, and fog, can significantly degrade the performance of LiDAR and cameras. In contrast, 4D mmWave radar not only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Xiangyuan Peng , Miao Tang , Huawei Sun , Kay Bierzynski , Lorenzo Servadei , Robert Wille

The calibration of weather radar for detecting meteorological phenomena has advanced rapidly, aiming to enhance accuracy. Utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a suspended metal sphere introduces an efficient calibration…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Jiabiao Zhao , Da Li , Jiayuan Cui , Houjun Sun , Jianjun Ma

Millimeter-wave radar enables robust environment perception in autonomous systems under adverse conditions yet suffers from sparse, noisy point clouds with low angular resolution. Existing diffusion-based radar enhancement methods either…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Hao Li , Xinqi Liu , Yaoqing Jin

Fusing data from LiDAR and camera is conceptually attractive because of their complementary properties. For instance, camera images are higher resolution and have colors, while LiDAR data provide more accurate range measurements and have a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Weikun Zhen , Yaoyu Hu , Jingfeng Liu , Sebastian Scherer

Automated vehicles require an accurate perception of their surroundings for safe and efficient driving. Lidar-based object detection is a widely used method for environment perception, but its performance is significantly affected by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Raphael van Kempen , Tim Rehbronn , Abin Jose , Johannes Stegmaier , Bastian Lampe , Timo Woopen , Lutz Eckstein

Horizontal atmospheric wind shear causes wind velocity fields to have different directions and speeds. In images of clouds acquired using ground-based sky imagers, clouds may be moving in different wind layers. To increase the performance…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-22 Guillermo Terrén-Serrano , Manel Martínez-Ramón

Point clouds are collected nowadays from a plethora of sensors, some having higher accuracies and higher costs, some having lower accuracies but also lower costs. Not only there is a large choice for different sensors, but also these can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Francesco Pirotti , Alberto Guarnieri , Sebastiano Chiodini , Carlo Bettanini

Depth perception is considered an invaluable source of information in the context of 3D mapping and various robotics applications. However, point cloud maps acquired using consumer-level light detection and ranging sensors (lidars) still…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Ruslan Agishev , Tomáš Pětříček , Karel Zimmermann

Autonomous vehicles face major perception and navigation challenges in adverse weather such as rain, fog, and snow, which degrade the performance of LiDAR, RADAR, and RGB camera sensors. While each sensor type offers unique strengths, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Nour Alhuda Albashir , Lars Pernickel , Danial Hamoud , Idriss Gouigah , Eren Erdal Aksoy

LiDARs are usually more accurate than cameras in distance measuring. Hence, there is strong interest to apply LiDARs in autonomous driving. Different existing approaches process the rich 3D point clouds for object detection, tracking and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-15 You Li , Clément Le Bihan , Txomin Pourtau , Thomas Ristorcelli

The millimeter-wave radar sensor maintains stable performance under adverse environmental conditions, making it a promising solution for all-weather perception tasks, such as outdoor mobile robotics. However, the radar point clouds are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Kai Luan , Chenghao Shi , Neng Wang , Yuwei Cheng , Huimin Lu , Xieyuanli Chen

Context. Clouds have already been detected in exoplanetary atmospheres. They play crucial roles in a planet's atmosphere and climate and can also create ambiguities in the determination of atmospheric parameters such as trace gas mixing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-22 Loïc Rossi , Daphne Stam

Millimeter-wave radar offers a promising sensing modality for autonomous systems thanks to its robustness in adverse conditions and low cost. However, its utility is significantly limited by the sparsity and low resolution of radar point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ruijie Zhang , Bixin Zeng , Shengpeng Wang , Fuhui Zhou , Wei Wang

The worldwide commercialization of fifth generation (5G) wireless networks and the exciting possibilities offered by connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are pushing toward the deployment of heterogeneous sensors for tracking dynamic…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-03 Francesco Nardo , Davide Peressoni , Paolo Testolina , Marco Giordani , Andrea Zanella

Safety and reliability are crucial for the public acceptance of autonomous driving. To ensure accurate and reliable environmental perception, intelligent vehicles must exhibit accuracy and robustness in various environments. Millimeter-wave…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Yue Sun , Yeqiang Qian , Chunxiang Wang , Ming Yang

Robust odometry estimation in perceptually degraded environments represents a key challenge in the field of robotics. In this paper, we propose a LiDAR-radar fusion method for robust odometry for adverse environment with LiDAR degeneracy.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Chiyun Noh , Ayoung Kim

Automotive radar systems have evolved to provide not only range, azimuth and Doppler velocity, but also elevation data. This additional dimension allows for the representation of 4D radar as a 3D point cloud. As a result, existing deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Alexander Musiat , Laurenz Reichardt , Michael Schulze , Oliver Wasenmüller

The knowledge of type of precipitating cloud is crucial for radar based quantitative estimates of precipitation. We propose a novel model called CloudSense which uses machine learning to accurately identify the type of precipitating clouds…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-05-13 Mehzooz Nizar , Jha K. Ambuj , Manmeet Singh , Vaisakh S. B , G. Pandithurai

By enabling capturing of 3D point clouds that reflect the geometry of the immediate environment, LiDAR has emerged as a primary sensor for autonomous systems. If a LiDAR scan is too sparse, occluded by obstacles, or too small in range,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Ryan Faulkner , Luke Haub , Simon Ratcliffe , Anh-Dzung Doan , Ian Reid , Tat-Jun Chin