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Physical layer features of Ethernet from the first realization towards the 100 Gb Ethernet (100 GbE) development have been considered. Comparisons of these features are made according to the standardized data rates. Feasible physical layer…
The LHCb experiment has been taking data at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN since the end of 2009. One of its key detector components is the Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) system. This provides charged particle identification over a…
During 2011 the LHCb experiment at CERN collected 1.0 fb-1 of sqrt{s} = 7 TeV pp collisions. Due to the large heavy quark production cross-sections, these data provide unprecedented samples of heavy flavoured hadrons. The first results from…
Array operations are one of the most concise ways of expressing common filtering and simple aggregation operations that is the hallmark of the first step of a particle physics analysis: selection, filtering, basic vector operations, and…
The development of an LHC physics analysis involves numerous investigations that require the repeated processing of terabytes of data. Thus, a rapid completion of each of these analysis cycles is central to mastering the science project. We…
Chapter 4 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global…
The LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty) experiment at CERN aims at achieving a significantly higher luminosity than originally planned by means of two major upgrades: the Upgrade I that took place during the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) and the…
Large High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments adopted a distributed computing model more than a decade ago. WLCG, the global computing infrastructure for LHC, in partnership with the US Open Science Grid, has achieved data management at the…
The next decade will see an order of magnitude increase in data collected by high-energy physics experiments, driven by the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The reconstruction of charged particle trajectories (tracks) has always been a…
High Energy Physics (HEP) data acquisition systems are often built from high-end FPGAs. As such systems scale in the HL-LHC era, severe under-utilization of FPGA transceivers can occur because front-end links prioritize radiation hardness…
After the observation of a Higgs boson near 125 GeV, the high energy physics community is investigating possible next steps for entering into a new era in particle physics. It is planned that the Large Hadron Collider will deliver an…
Over the next ten years, the physics reach of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) will be greatly extended through increases in the instantaneous luminosity of the accelerator and large…
Power consumption will be a key constraint on the future growth of Distributed High Throughput Computing (DHTC) as used by High Energy Physics (HEP). This makes performance-per-watt a crucial metric for selecting cost-efficient computing…
Experimental prospects for studying high-energy photon-photon and photon-proton interactions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are discussed. Cross sections are calculated for many electroweak and beyond the Standard Model processes.…
Most of the computing resources pledged to the LHCb experiment at CERN are necessary to the production of simulated samples used to predict resolution functions on the reconstructed quantities and the reconstruction and selection…
Chapter 8 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in…
Starting in 2022, the upgraded LHCb detector will collect data with a pure software trigger. In its first stage, reducing the rate from 30MHz to about 1MHz, GPUs are used to reconstruct and trigger on B and D meson topologies and high-pT…
In the scope of the Physics Beyond Colliders studies, the Gamma-Factory initiative proposes the use of partially stripped ions as a driver of a new type of high-intensity photon source in CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In 2018, the LHC…
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN houses two general purpose detectors - ATLAS and CMS - which conduct physics programs over multi-year runs to generate increasingly precise and extensive datasets. The efforts of the CMS and ATLAS…
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is expected to be upgraded to the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) by 2029 and achieve instantaneous luminosity around 5 - 7.5 $\times$ 10$^{34}$cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. This represents a more than 3-4 fold…