Related papers: Degeneracy in the genetic code and its symmetries …
In a certain way, this paper presents the continuation of the previous one which discussed the harmonic structure of the genetic code (Rakocevic, 2004). Several new harmonic structures presented in this paper, through specific unity and…
The mathematical concept of q-deformations, in particular the one of qnumbers, is used to study the genetic code(s). After considering two kinds of q-numbers, for comparison, a phenomenological classification scheme of the genetic code…
The ratios of the codon usage in the quartets and sextets for the vertebrate series exhibit a correlated behaviour which fits naturally in the framework of the crystal basis model of the genetic code. Moreover the observed universal…
The capacity to adapt can greatly influence the success of systems that need to compensate for damaged parts, learn how to achieve robust performance in new environments, or exploit novel opportunities that originate from new technological…
What could cause the emergence of non-encoding codons in the course of evolution of the genetic code? Hypothesis of evolution of the genetic code from GC to the AGUC-alphabet account for existence of stop codons.
The evolution in coding DNA sequences brings new flexibility and freedom to the codon words, even as the underlying nucleotides get significantly ordered. These curious contra-rules of gene organisation are observed from the distribution of…
A plausible architecture of an ancient genetic code is derived from an extended base triplet vector space over the Galois field of the extended base alphabet {D, G, A, U, C}, where the letter D represents one or more hypothetical bases with…
In this work it is shown that 20 canonical amino acids (AAs) within genetic code appear to be a whole system with strict distinction in Genetic Code Table (GCT) into some different quantums: 20, 23, 61 amino acid molecules. These molecules…
We describe the theory of quantum convolutional error correcting codes. These codes are aimed at protecting a flow of quantum information over long distance communication. They are largely inspired by their classical analogs which are used…
The nature of the quantitative distribution of the 64 DNA codons in the human genome has been an issue of debate for over a decade. Some groups have proposed that the quantitative distribution of the DNA codons ordered as a rank-frequency…
Degeneracies in the energy spectra of physical systems are commonly considered to be either of accidental character or induced by symmetries of the Hamiltonian. We develop an approach to explain degeneracies by tracing them back to…
The standard genetic code is known to be robust to translation errors and point mutations. We studied how small modifications of the standard code affect its robustness. The robustness was assessed in terms of a proper stability function,…
Diversity is an important factor in evolutionary algorithms to prevent premature convergence towards a single local optimum. In order to maintain diversity throughout the process of evolution, various means exist in literature. We analyze…
Understanding why we age is a long-lived open problem in evolutionary biology. Aging is prejudicial to the individual and evolutionary forces should prevent it, but many species show signs of senescence as individuals age. Here, I will…
Eukaryote genomes contain excessively introns, inter-genic and other non-genic sequences that appear to have no vital functional role or phenotype manifestation. Their existence, a long-standing puzzle, is viewed from the principle of…
Evolving genomes increase a number of their genes by gene duplications. To escape degradation in a functionless pseudogene, any gene duplicate needs to be guarded by negative (purifying) selection from otherwise inevitable fixation of…
Genetic algorithms are heuristic optimization techniques inspired by Darwinian evolution. Quantum computation is a new computational paradigm which exploits quantum resources to speed up information processing tasks. Therefore, it is…
A model of genome evolution is proposed. Based on three assumptions the evolutionary theory of a genome is formulated. The general law on the direction of genome evolution is given. Both the deterministic classical equation and the…
Biologists have long sought a way to explain how statistical properties of genetic sequences emerged and are maintained through evolution. On the one hand, non-random structures at different scales indicate a complex genome organisation. On…
Supergenes are genomic regions containing sets of tightly linked loci that control multi-trait phenotypic polymorphisms under balancing selection. Recent advances in genomics have uncovered significant variation in both the genomic…