Related papers: The Active Traveling Wave in the Cochlea
The cochlea's capacity to process a broad range of sound intensities has been linked to nonlinear amplification by critical oscillators. However, while the increasing sensitivity of a critical oscillator upon decreasing the stimulus…
Most sounds of interest consist of complex, time-dependent admixtures of tones of diverse frequencies and variable amplitudes. To detect and process these signals, the ear employs a highly nonlinear, adaptive, real-time spectral analyzer:…
A hearing sensation arises when the elastic basilar membrane inside the cochlea vibrates. The basilar membrane is typically set into motion through airborne sound that displaces the middle ear and induces a pressure difference across the…
High auditory sensitivity, sharp frequency selectivity, and otoacoustic emissions are signatures of active amplification of the cochlea. The human ear can also detect very large amplitude sound without being damaged as long as the exposed…
Sound is detected and converted into electrical signals within the ear. The cochlea not only acts as a passive detector of sound, however, but can also produce tones itself. These otoacoustic emissions are a striking manifestation of the…
Sound produces surface waves along the cochlea's basilar membrane. To achieve the ear's astonishing frequency resolution and sensitivity to faint sounds, dissipation in the cochlea must be canceled via active processes in hair cells,…
In this work, we investigate the phenomenon of transverse resonance and transverse standing waves that occur within the cochlea of living organisms. It is demonstrated that the predisposing factor for their occurrence is the cochlear shape,…
An active dissipative process organizes auditory frequency analysis in the mammalian cochlea. A minimal active beam model reveals that a spatially varying viscous coupling operator, $\partial_{xx}\kappa\partial_{xx}$, generates dissipative…
Because the cochlear is very small and complex, vibration data of the whole basement membrane are not yet available from existing experiments, To address this question, this work technically adopts the mathematical and biological methods to…
A focused acoustic standing wave creates a Hookean potential well for a small sphere and can levitate it stably against gravity. Exposing the trapped sphere to a second transverse traveling sound wave imposes an additional acoustical force…
Chiral active matter is predicted to exhibit odd elasticity, with nontraditional elastic response arising from a combination of chirality, being out of equilibrium, and the presence of nonreciprocal interactions. One of the resulting…
After entering the ear, sound waves propagate as surface waves along the cochlea's basilar membrane. In recent work, we showed numerically that the system supports two types of modes: localized resonant modes, which underpin the modern…
Active phenomena which involve force generation and motion play a key role in a number of phenomena in living cells such as cell motility, muscle contraction and the active transport of material and organelles. Here we discuss mechanical…
We report theory, measurements and numerical simulations on nonlinear piezoelectric ultrasonic devices with stable limit cycles. The devices are shown to exhibit behavior familiar from the theory of coupled auto-oscillators. Frequency of…
The extraordinary sensitivity of the mammalian inner ear has captivated scientists for decades, largely due to the crucial role played by the outer hair cells (OHCs) and their unique electromotile properties. Typically arranged in three…
In this paper, we investigate mechanical motion of ultra-slow single atoms considering each atom is coherently coupled to a traveling-wave light. The main noise in this system is originated from Doppler broadening due to the continuous…
We study wave propagation in networks of coupled cells which can behave as excitable or self-oscillatory media. For excitable media, an asymptotic construction of wave trains is presented. This construction predicts their shape and speed,…
In several pathological conditions, such as coronavirus infections, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, the physiological shape of axons is altered and a periodic sequence of bulges appears. Experimental evidences…
A two space dimensional active nonlinear nonlocal cochlear model is formulated in the time domain to capture nonlinear hearing effects such as compression, multi-tone suppression and difference tones. The micromechanics of the basilar…
We show that depending on the values of the coupling constants, two different scenarios for the stationary behavior of a chain of interacting spasers may be realized: (1) all the spasers are synchronized and oscillate with a unique phase…