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We prove that a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold that is curvature homogeneous of order 3, or $\CH_3$ for short, is necessarily locally homogeneous. We also exhibit and classify four-dimensional Lorentzian, $\CH_2$ manifolds that are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-11-27 R. Milson , N. Pelavas

I present a formal ontological theory where the basic building blocks of the world can be either things or events. In any case, the result is a Parmenidean worldview where change is not a global property. What we understand by change…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-05-07 Gustavo E. Romero

We classify four-dimensional connected simply-connected indecomposable Lorentzian symmetric spaces $M$ with connected nontrivial isotropy group furnishing solutions of the Einstein-Yang-Mills equations. Those solutions with respect to some…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Marco Castrillón López , Pedro M. Gadea , Eugenia Rosado Maria

This paper deals with the observer design problem for time-varying linear infinite-dimensional systems. We address both the problem of online estimation of the state of the system from the output via an asymptotic observer, and the problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-20 Lucas Brivadis , Vincent Andrieu , Ulysse Serres , Jean-Paul Gauthier

We introduce a relativistic splitting structure as a means to map fields and equations of electromagnetism from curved four-dimensional space-time to three-dimensional observer's space. We focus on a minimal set of mathematical structures…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-11-05 Bernhard Auchmann , Stefan Kurz

This work deals with the problem of designing observers for the estimation of a single function of the states for discrete-time nonlinear systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of lower order functional observers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-19 Sunjeev Venkateswaran , Benjamin A. Wilhite , Costas Kravaris

We describe four-dimensional Lorentzian algebraic Ricci solitons. In sharp contrast with the Riemannian situation, any connected and simply connected four-dimensional Lie group admits a left-invariant Lorentz metric which is a Ricci…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Eduardo Garcia-Rio , Rosalia Rodriguez-Gigirey , Ramon Vazquez-Lorenzo

We address the problem of observables in generally invariant spacetime theories such as Einstein's general relativity. Using the refined notion of an event as a ``point-coincidence'' between scalar fields that completely characterise a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-06-30 Hans Westman , Sebastiano Sonego

A time-invariant, linear, distributed observer is described for estimating the state of an $m>0$ channel, $n$-dimensional continuous-time linear system of the form $ \dot{x} = Ax,\ y_i = C_i x,\ i \in \{1,2,\cdots, m\}$. The state $x$ is…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-03-16 L. Wang , A. S. Morse

We write the Dirac equation in curved 4-dimensional Lorentzian spacetime using concepts from the analysis of partial differential equations as opposed to geometric concepts.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2017-12-13 Dmitri Vassiliev

Representation learning constructs low-dimensional representations to summarize essential features of high-dimensional data. This learning problem is often approached by describing various desiderata associated with learned representations;…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-14 Yixin Wang , Michael I. Jordan

We define a certain differential system on an open set of $R^6$. The system locally defines a Lorentzian 4-manifold satisfying the Einstein equations. The converse statement is indicated and its details are postponed to the furthcoming…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Pawel Nurowski

Visual perception, the brain's construction of a stable world from sensory data, faces several long-standing, fundamental challenges. While often studied separately, these problems have resisted a single, unifying computational framework.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xin Li

Criteria for experimental observation of multi-dimensional optical solitons in media with saturable refractive nonlinearities are developed. The criteria are applied to actual material parameters (characterizing the cubic self-focusing and…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yi-Fan Chen , Kale Beckwitt , Frank W. Wise , Boris A. Malomed

A logical function can be used to characterizing a property of a state of Boolean network (BN), which is considered as an aggregation of states. To illustrate the dynamics of a set of logical functions, which characterize our concerned…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-20 Daizhan Cheng , Lijun Zhang , Dongyao Bi

The possibility of a complex 4-dimensional space-time manifold is suggested. This may imply the existence of a matter wave.

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lu Lin

The article proposes an n-dimensional mathematical model of the visual representation of a linear programming problem. This model makes it possible to use artificial neural networks to solve multidimensional linear optimization problems,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-18 Nikolay A. Olkhovsky , Leonid B. Sokolinsky

We introduce a novel decidable fragment of first-order logic. The fragment is one-dimensional in the sense that quantification is limited to applications of blocks of existential (universal) quantifiers such that at most one variable…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-04-16 Lauri Hella , Antti Kuusisto

Linearization problem of ordinary differential equations by a new set of tangent transformations is considered in the paper. This set of transformations allows one to extend the set of transformations applied for the linearization problem.…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2013-10-02 S. Suksern , S. V. Meleshko

We consider a model with two parallel (positive tension) 3-branes separated by a distance $L$ in 5-dimensional spacetime. If the interbrane space is anti-deSitter, or is not precisely anti-deSitter but contains no event horizons, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 S. -H. Henry Tye , Ira Wasserman