Related papers: On energy and momentum of an ultrarelativistic uns…
Magnetic effects on free electron systems have been studied extensively in the context of spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion. Starting from the Dirac equation, we derive a fully relativistic expression for the energy of free…
We derive the expressions for canonical energy, momentum, and angular momentum for multiple metric theories. We prove that although the metric fields are generally interacting, the total energy is the sum of conserved energies corresponding…
Energy has an ambiguous status in general relativity. For systems embedded in asymptotically flat space-times it is possible to construct an integral invariant that corresponds to total energy, however there is no local differential…
We clarify the relation between canonical and metric energy-momentum tensors. In particular, we show that a natural definition arises from Noether's Theorem which directly leads to a symmetric and gauge invariant tensor for electromagnetic…
Conservation laws that are based on the divergence of a second-rank four-tensor are fundamentally different from conservation laws based on the divergence of a four-vector. This article investigates the consequences of this difference for…
The energy loss of a fast parton scattering elastically in a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma is formulated as an initial value problem. The approach is designed to study an unstable plasma, but it also reproduces the well known result of…
Bekenstein and Mayo proposed a generalised bound for the entropy, which implies some inequalities between the charge, energy, angular momentum, and the size of the macroscopic system. Dain has shown that Maxwell's electrodynamics satisfies…
The motion of a system of particles under electromagnetic interaction is considered. Under the assumption that the force acting on an electric charge is given by the sum of the electromagnetic fields produced by any other charged particles…
A four-vector field in flat space-time, satisfying a gauge-invariant set of second-order differential equations, is considered as a unified field. The model variational principle corresponds to the general covariance idea and gives rise to…
Position and momentum observables are considered and their correlation is studied for the simplest quantum system of a free particle moving in one dimension. The algebra and the eigenvalue problem for the correlation observable is presented…
We compute the vacuum polarization energies for a couple of soliton models in one space and one time dimensions. These solitons are mappings that connect different degenerate vacua. From the considered sample solitons we conjecture that the…
We discuss a couple of simple quasistatic electromagnetic systems in which the density of electromagnetic linear momentum can be easily computed. The examples are also used to illustrate how the total electromagnetic linear momentum, which…
The classical theory of electrodynamics is built upon Maxwell's equations and the concepts of electromagnetic field, force, energy and momentum, which are intimately tied together by Poynting's theorem and the Lorentz force law. Whereas…
The main topic of this work concerns the formulation of the equations of motion and the consequent energy balance that they imply for this type of systems, In particular, the analytical development that we will carry out on the equations of…
The nonlinear transfer rate of the total energy (transfer rate of kinetic energy + transfer rate due to the work done by the magnetization) for an incompressible turbulent ferrofluid system is studied under the assumption of statistical…
The relativistic ``no pair'' model of quantum electrodynamics uses the Dirac operator, D(A), for the electron dynamics together with the usual self-energy of the quantized ultraviolet cutoff electromagnetic field A -- in the Coulomb gauge.…
Due to the processes that occur during the functioning of modern electromechanical systems, these systems can be considered complex nonlinear dynamic systems from the point of view of the theory of dynamic systems. The movement of such…
We show that there exists a choice of gauge in which the electromagnetic 4-potential may be written as the difference of two 4-velocity vector fields describing the motion of a two-component space-filling relativistic fluid. Maxwell's…
A new formalism for electromagnetic and mechanical momenta in a metamaterial is developed by means of the technique of wave-packet integrals. The medium has huge mass density and can therefore be regarded as almost stationary upon incident…
General Principle of Relativity unequivocally supports the notion of momentum-less energy for bodies (energy-quanta) moving at the {\em same} or {\em constant} speed relative to all the reference systems. In this communication, we point out…