Related papers: On energy and momentum of an ultrarelativistic uns…
Recently, energetic variational approach was employed to derive models for non-isothermal electrokinetics by Liu et. al \cite{Liu-Wu-Liu-CMS2018}. In particular, the Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Fourier (PNPF) system for the dynamics of $N$-ionic…
The fundamental difference between the true transformations (TT) and the apparent transformations (AT) is explained. The TT refer to the same quantity, while the AT refer, e.g., to the same measurement in different inertial frames of…
Non-equilibrium and equilibrium thermodynamics of an interacting component in a relativistic multi-component system is discussed covariantly by exploiting an entropy identity. The special case of the corresponding free component is…
We investigate the energy of a theory with a unit vector field (the "aether") coupled to gravity. Both the Weinberg and Einstein type energy-momentum pseudotensors are employed. In the linearized theory we find expressions for the energy…
Our topic concerns a long standing puzzle: the energy of gravitating systems. More precisely we want to consider, for gravitating systems, how to best describe energy-momentum and angular momentum/center-of-mass momentum (CoMM). It is known…
A system of two initially homogeneous, physically real fields uniformly attracted to each other is considered as the simplest basis of the self-developing world structure. It is shown that the system is unstable against periodic cycles of…
This work studies the symmetries, the associated momentum map, and relative equilibria of a mechanical system consisting of a small axisymmetric magnetic body-dipole in an also axisymmetric external magnetic field that additionally exhibits…
In the framework of effective quantum field theory we address the definition of physical quantities characterizing unstable particles. With the aid of a one-loop calculation, we study this issue in terms of the charge and the magnetic…
The long-standing resolution of the Abraham--Minkowski electromagnetic momentum controversy is predicated on a decomposition of the total momentum of a closed continuum electrodynamic system into separate field and matter components. Using…
Electromagnetism is the energy originating from an electric charge. Our purpose is to enlarge Maxwell. Include the charge transfer phenomenology. A four bosons electromagnetism is derived. An EM completeness is achieved. The charge's set…
In a continuum setting, the energy-momentum tensor embodies the relations between conservation of energy, conservation of linear momentum, and conservation of angular momentum. The well-defined total energy and the well-defined total…
We consider a paradigmatic model describing the one-dimensional motion of $N$ rotators coupled through a mean-field interaction, and subject to the perturbation of an external magnetic field. The latter is shown to significantly alter the…
The structure of the rate of variation of the atomic energy for an arbitrary stationary motion of the atom in interaction with a quantum electromagnetic field is investigated. Our main purpose is to rewrite the formalism in Ref. \cite{zz}…
The breaking of detailed balance, the symmetry between forward and backward probability transition between two states, is crucial to understand irreversible systems. In hydrodynamic turbulence, a far-from equilibrium system, we observe a…
A (globally) neutral two-body system is supposed to obey a pair of coupled Klein-Gordon equations in a constant homogeneous magnetic field. Considering eigenstates of the pseudomomentum four-vector, we reduce these equations to a…
The problem of energy and its localization in general relativity is critically re-examined. The Tolman energy integral for the Eddington spinning rod is analyzed in detail and evaluated apart from a single term. It is shown that a higher…
Maxwell's equations and the equations governing charged particle dynamics are presented for a rotating coordinate system with the global time coordinate of an observer on the rotational axis. Special care is taken in defining the relevant…
The physical consequences of the relativistic and nonrelativistic approaches to describe the energy levels of electrons which propagate in a static homogeneous magnetic field are considered. It is shown that for a given strength of the…
We discuss the mechanism by which the field vacuum energy varies as a result of strong self-interaction. We propose a non-perturbative approach to treat strong interactions and discuss the problem in terms of quasi-particles describing the…
Energy-momentum is an important conserved quantity whose definition has been a focus of many investigations in general relativity. Unfortunately, there is still no generally accepted definition of energy and momentum in general relativity.…