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Related papers: Marginalization using the metric of the likelihood

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We present general, analytic methods for Cosmological likelihood analysis and solve the "many-parameters" problem in Cosmology. Maxima are found by Newton's Method, while marginalization over nuisance parameters, and parameter errors and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 A. N. Taylor , T. D. Kitching

Possible parameter values in a random sampling model are shown by definition to have uniform base-rate prior probabilities. This allows a frequentist posterior probability distribution to be calculated for such possible parameter values…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2020-02-14 Huw Llewelyn

We introduce a framework for uncertainty estimation that both describes and extends many existing methods. We consider typical hyperparameters involved in classical training as random variables and marginalise them out to capture various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Francesco Farina , Lawrence Phillips , Nicola J Richmond

In optimal prediction methods one estimates the future behavior of underresolved systems by solving reduced systems of equations for expectations conditioned by partial data; renormalization group methods reduce the number of variables in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexandre J. Chorin

Self-normalized processes are basic to many probabilistic and statistical studies. They arise naturally in the the study of stochastic integrals, martingale inequalities and limit theorems, likelihood-based methods in hypothesis testing and…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Victor H. de la Peña , Michael J. Klass , Tze Leung Lai

The article concerns hybrid combinations of empirical and parametric likelihood functions. Combining the two allows classical parametric likelihood to be crucially modified via the nonparametric counterpart, making possible model…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-25 Ingrid Dæhlen , Nils Lid Hjort

Algorithmic fairness involves expressing notions such as equity, or reasonable treatment, as quantifiable measures that a machine learning algorithm can optimise. Most work in the literature to date has focused on classification problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Daniel Steinberg , Alistair Reid , Simon O'Callaghan

Dimensional regularization is applied to the Lippmann-Schwinger equation for a separable potential which gives rise to logarithmic singularities in the Born series. For this potential a subtraction at a fixed energy can be used to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-04-17 D. R. Phillips , I. R. Afnan , A. G. Henry-Edwards

We study the simplifications occurring in any likelihood function in the presence of a large number of small systematic uncertainties. We find that the marginalisation of these uncertainties can be done analytically by means of second-order…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-01 Sylvain Fichet

The subject of features normalization plays an important central role in data representation, characterization, visualization, analysis, comparison, classification, and modeling, as it can substantially influence and be influenced by all of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Alexandre Benatti , Luciano da F. Costa

Likelihood profiling is an efficient and powerful frequentist approach for parameter estimation, uncertainty quantification and practical identifiablity analysis. Unfortunately, these methods cannot be easily applied for stochastic models…

Model misspecification is a long-standing enigma of the Bayesian inference framework as posteriors tend to get overly concentrated on ill-informed parameter values towards the large sample limit. Tempering of the likelihood has been…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-12-13 Owen Thomas , Jukka Corander

The likelihood principle makes strong claims about the nature of statistical evidence but is controversial. Its claims are undermined by the existence of several examples that are assumed to show that it allows, with unity probability,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-25 Michael J. Lew

Estimating the dependences between random variables, and ranking them accordingly, is a prevalent problem in machine learning. Pursuing frequentist and information-theoretic approaches, we first show that the p-value and the mutual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Harald Steck

We introduce a theory of probabilistic renormalization for series, the renormalized values being encoded in the expectation of a certain random variable on the set of natural numbers. We identify a large class of weakly renormalizable…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-21 Gunduz Caginalp , Bogdan Ion

In prior work, we have shown how the basic concepts and terms of quantum mechanics relate to factorizations and marginals of complex-valued quantum mass functions, which are generalizations of joint probability mass functions. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-08 Hans-Andrea Loeliger , Pascal O. Vontobel

Standardness is a popular assumption in the literature on set estimation. It also appears in statistical approaches to topological data analysis, where it is common to assume that the data were sampled from a probability measure that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Alejandro Cholaquidis , Leonardo Moreno , Beatriz Pateiro-López

We propose a new family of fairness definitions for classification problems that combine some of the best properties of both statistical and individual notions of fairness. We posit not only a distribution over individuals, but also a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Michael Kearns , Aaron Roth , Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi

The goal of machine learning is to find models that minimize prediction error on data that has not yet been seen. Its operational paradigm assumes access to a dataset $S$ and articulates a scheme for evaluating how well a given model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Maxim Raginsky , Benjamin Recht

Parameter estimation connects mathematical models to real-world data and decision making across many scientific and industrial applications. Standard approaches such as maximum likelihood estimation and Markov chain Monte Carlo estimate…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-06 Matthew J Simpson , James S Bennett , Alexander Johnston , Ruth E Baker