Related papers: From Lorenz to Coulomb and other explicit gauge tr…
The fact that electromagnetic effects propagate at the speed of light suggests how the Lorenz-gauge scalar and vector potentials of a uniformly moving point charge must be modified when the charge was initially at rest and then set suddenly…
There is a simple formula for the gauge function of the transformation from the Lorenz gauge to the Coulomb gauge, valid under a condition that is satisfied by some charge densities employed in the literature. An equation for the gauge…
The existence of gauge conditions involving second-order derivatives of potentials is not well known in classical electrodynamics. We introduce one of these gauges, the Coulomb static gauge, in which the scalar potential is given by the…
Vector and scalar potentials are used for convenience in solving boundary value problems involving electromagnetic (EM) fields. The potentials are made unique by choosing a non-unique gauge relationship. The most commonly used gauges are…
In the classical electrodynamics, different gauges, i.e. connections between the electromagnetic potentials, are used. Some of these are quite specific and intended for calculations in special systems (absence of free charges, etc.). All of…
This paper presents a simple and systematic method to show how the potentials in the Lorentz, Coulomb, Kirchhoff, velocity and temporal gauges yield the same retarded electric and magnetic fields. The method appropriately uses the dynamical…
To describe charged particles interacting with the quantized electromagnetic field, we point out the differences of working in the so-called generalized and the true Coulomb gauges. We find an explicit gauge transformation between them for…
It is shown that the well-known procedure for proving the equivalence of the expressions for the electric field calculated using the Lorentz and Coulomb gauges is incorrect. The difference between the two gauges is due to the difference in…
Two results support the idea that the scalar and vector potentials in the Lorenz gauge can be considered to be physical quantities: (i) they separately satisfy the properties of causality and propagation at the speed of light and not imply…
The time-dependent, geometric method for high-energy limits and inverse scattering is applied to nonrelativistic quantum particles in external electromagnetic fields. Both the Schr"odinger- and the Pauli equations in R^2 and R^3 are…
Although gauge invariance preserves the values of physical observables, a gauge transformation can introduce important alterations of physical interpretations. To understand this, it is first shown that a gauge transformation is not, in…
In classical electrodynamics all the measurable quantities can be derived from the gauge invariant Faraday tensor $F_{\alpha\beta}$. Nevertheless, it is often advantageous to work with gauge dependent variables. In [4],[2] and [8], and in…
We derive the dyadic Green's function for the generalized velocity gauge in the time domain with an arbitrary parameter v and show that it reduces to the Lorenz and the Coulomb gauge Green's functions in the limit as v goes to the speed of…
Differences between vector potentials in different gauges contain no dynamics in both classical and quantum electrodynamics and chromodynamics. Consequently, once gauge invariance is established, results calculated in non-covariant gauges…
The instantaneous nature of the potentials of the Coulomb gauge is clarified and a concise derivation is given of the vector potential of the Coulomb gauge expressed in terms of the instantaneous magnetic field.
The Coulomb-gauge vector potential of a uniformly moving point charge is obtained by calculating the gauge function for the transformation between the Lorenz and Coulomb gauges. The expression obtained for the difference between the vector…
The question of an instantaneous action (A M Stewart 2003 Eur. J. Phys. 24, 519) can be approached in a systematic way applying the Helmhotz vector decomposition theorem to a two-parameter Lorenz-like gauge. We thus show that only the…
The length gauge uses a scalar potential to describe a laser field, thus treating it as a longitudinal field rather than as a transverse field. This distinction is revealed in the fact that the Maxwell equations that relate to the length…
Gauge transformations are potential transformations that leave only specific Maxwell fields invariant. To reveal more, I develop Lorenz field equations with full Maxwell form for nongauge, sans gauge function, transformations yielding…
Modern undergraduate textbooks in electricity and magnetism typically focus on a force representation of electrodynamics with an emphasis on Maxwell's Equations and the Lorentz Force Law. The vector potential $\mathbf{A}$ and scalar…