Related papers: Updating the Near-Earth Neutral Line Model
A brief sketch is made of the present observational status of neutrino physics, with emphasis on the hints that follow from solar and atmospheric neutrino observations, as well as cosmological data on the amplitude of primordial density…
Background: Floods are the most common natural disaster in the world, affecting the lives of hundreds of millions. Flood forecasting is therefore a vitally important endeavor, typically achieved using physical water flow simulations, which…
Discovering low-dimensional structure in real-world networks requires a suitable null model that defines the absence of meaningful structure. Here we introduce a spectral approach for detecting a network's low-dimensional structure, and the…
We view the folding of RNA-sequences as a map that assigns a pattern of base pairings to each sequence, known as secondary structure. These preimages can be constructed as random graphs (i.e. the neutral networks associated to the structure…
Network-based analyses of dynamical systems have become increasingly popular in climate science. Here we address network construction from a statistical perspective and highlight the often ignored fact that the calculated correlation values…
Traditional general circulation models, or GCMs -- i.e. 3D dynamical models with unresolved terms represented in equations with tunable parameters -- have been a mainstay of climate research for several decades, and some of the pioneering…
A "toy" model, simple and elementary enough for an undergraduate class, of the temperature dependence of the greenhouse (mid-IR) absorption by atmospheric water vapor implies a bistable climate system. The stable states are glaciation and…
Current measurements of the low and high redshift Universe are in tension if we restrict ourselves to the standard six parameter model of flat $\Lambda$CDM. This tension has two parts. First, the Planck satellite data suggest a higher…
Several proposed experiments will send beams of neutrinos through the Earth along paths with a source-receiver distance of hundreds or thousands of kilometers. Knowledge of the physical properties of the medium traversed by these beams, in…
Global climate warming poses a significant challenge to humanity; it is associated with, e.g., rising sea level and declining Arctic sea ice. Increasing extreme events are also considered to be a result of climate…
Time series underwent the transition from statistics to deep learning, as did many other machine learning fields. Although it appears that the accuracy has been increasing as the model is updated in a number of publicly available datasets,…
The Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity has received much attention because of its relevance and importance for global warming policymaking. This paper focuses on the Earth's \emph{thermal inertia time scale} which has received…
We consider a model for the formation of a river network in which erosion process plays a role only at the initial stage. Once a global connectivity is achieved, no further evolution takes place. In spite of this, the network reproduces…
Multiple hypotheses/models have been put forward regarding the cooling history of the Earth. The search for life beyond Earth has brought these models into a new light as they connect to one of the two energy sources life can tap. The…
Forecasting load at the feeder level has become increasingly challenging with the penetration of behind-the-meter solar, as this self-generation (also called total generation) is only visible to the utility as aggregated net-load. This work…
Most of the existing prediction methods gave a false alarm regarding the El Ni\~no event in 2014. A crucial aspect is currently limiting the success of such predictions, i.e. the stability of the slowly varying Pacific climate. This…
Satellite-derived data products and climate model simulations of geophysical variables like precipitation, often exhibit systematic biases compared to in-situ measurements. Bias correction and spatial downscaling are fundamental components…
The simplest theories often have much merit and many limitations, and in this vein, the value of Neutral Theory (NT) has been the subject of much debate over the past 15 years. NT was proposed at the turn of the century by Stephen Hubbell…
Multi-model ensembles provide a pragmatic approach to the representation of model uncertainty in climate prediction. However, such representations are inherently ad hoc, and, as shown, probability distributions of climate variables based on…
Cosmic-ray interactions with the nuclei of the Earth's atmosphere produce a flux of neutrinos in all directions with energies extending above the TeV scale. However, the Earth is not a fully transparent medium for neutrinos with energies…