Related papers: Recycling probability and dynamical properties of …
A general criterion is formulated in order to decide if recycling of B-cells exists in GC reactions. The criterion is independent of the selection and affinity maturation process and based solely on total centroblast population arguments.…
Lymphocyte selection is a fundamental operation of adaptive immunity. In order to produce B-lymphocytes with a desired antigenic profile, a process of mutation-selection occurs in the germinal center, which is part of the lymph nodes. We…
Germinal centres are anatomically defined lymphoid organ structures that mediate B cell affinity maturation and affect the quality of humoral immune responses. Mathematical models based on differential equations or agent-based simulations…
We discuss the origin of two classes of germinal centers that have been observed during humoral immune responses: Some germinal centers develop very well and give rise to a large number of high affinity antibody producing plasma cells.…
During germinal center reactions the appearance of two specific zones is observed: the dark and the light zone. Up to now, the origin and function of these zones are poorly understood. In the framework of a stochastic and discrete model…
The population dynamics theory of B cells in a typical germinal center could play an important role in revealing how affinity maturation is achieved. However, the existing models encountered some conflicts with experiments. To resolve these…
The reaction-diffusion models have been extensively applied to explain the mechanism of pattern formations in early embryogenesis based on geometrically confined microtissues consisting of human pluripotent stem cells. Recently, mechanical…
During the germinal center reaction a characteristic morphology is developed. In the framework of a recently developed space-time-model for the germinal center a mechanism for the formation of dark and light zones has been proposed. The…
Cellular life requires the presence of a set of biochemical mechanisms in order to maintain a predictable process of growth and division. Several attempts have been made towards the building of minimal protocells from a top-down approach,…
A recombination reaction model for high-temperature chemical kinetics is derived from ab initio simulations data. A kinetic recombination rate model is derived using a recently developed ab initio state-specific dissociation model and the…
We present a method for enhanced sampling of molecular dynamics simulations using stochastic resetting. Various phenomena, ranging from crystal nucleation to protein folding, occur on timescales that are unreachable in standard simulations.…
Stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew, as well as to differentiate and give rise to new populations of cells. Stem cell divisions are crucial for generative processes that occur during early development, and later in…
Clustering of molecules on biological membranes is a widely observed phenomenon. In some cases, such as the clustering of Ras proteins on the membranes of mammalian cells, proper cell signaling is critically dependent on the maintenance of…
B cells and the antibodies they produce are vital to health and survival, motivating research on the details of the mutational and evolutionary processes in the germinal centers (GC) from which mature B cells arise. It is known that B cells…
A simple model accounting for the ejection of heavy particles from the vortical structures of a turbulent flow is introduced. This model involves a space and time discretization of the dynamics and depends on only two parameters: the…
Molecular dynamics simulations are widely used across chemistry, physics, and biology, providing quantitative insight into complex processes with atomic detail. However, their limited timescale of a few microseconds is a significant…
Some of the centrality experiments indicate regime change and saturation in the behaviour of characteristics of the secondary particles produced in relativistic nuclear interactions. We discuss that the responsible mechanism to explain the…
The down regulation of CD3 protein present on the surface of a T-cell triggers the process of activation. A rapid decrease of CD3 from the surface is required to reach the threshold that is necessary for the continuation of the activation…
We report event-driven molecular dynamics simulations of the irreversible gelation of hard ellipsoids of revolution containing several associating groups, characterizing how the cluster size distribution evolves as a function of the extent…
In particle-based stochastic reaction-diffusion models, reaction rate and placement kernels are used to decide the probability per time a reaction can occur between reactant particles, and to decide where product particles should be placed.…