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If gravitons are super-strong interacting particles and the low-temperature graviton background exists, the basic cosmological conjecture about the Dopplerian nature of redshifts may be false: a full magnitude of cosmological redshift would…
It is obtained that dark energy emerges from higher-derivative gravity with anon-linear terms proportional to $R^2$ and $R^3$ with $R$ being the Ricci scalar curvature. Interestingly, it is found that the universe begins with acceleration,…
In a previous work we showed that massive test particles exhibit a non-geodesic acceleration in a modified theory of gravity obtained by a non-commutative deformation of General Relativity (so-called Matrix Gravity). We propose that this…
It is proposed that the recently reported anomalous acceleration acting on the Pioneers spacecrafts should be a consequence of the existence of some local curvature in light geodesics when using the coordinate speed of light in an expanding…
In many active stars the spots concentrate on two permanent active longitudes which are 180 degrees apart. In some of these stars the dominant part of the spot activity changes the longitude every few years. This so-called flip-flop…
The anomalous acceleration of Pioneer 10 is presented as a calculation using a simple optical model. The model is based on the bending of background gravity behind the Sun in the same way that light is bent by the Sun. Structures of…
We present source code for the computer algebra system Mathematica that analyzes the motion of the Pioneer spacecraft using the public available ephemeris data from JPL's website. Within 15 minutes, the reader can verify that the Pioneer…
A previous paper [1] introduced a quantum-mechanical theory of gravity, and showed it agrees with the standard experimental tests of general relativity. Doppler tracking signals returned by the Pioneer 10 and 11 space probes offer an…
We study the geometric effects of our galaxy's peculiar motion on the circles-in-the-sky. We show that the shape of these circles-in-the-sky remains circular, as detected by a local observer with arbitrary peculiar velocity. Explicit…
The possibility that the apparent anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft may be due, at least in part, to a chameleon field effect is examined. A small spacecraft, with no thin shell, can have a more pronounced anomalous…
Nature succeeds in accelerating extended and massive objects to relativistic velocities. Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei and in galactic superluminal sources and gamma-ray bursts fireballs have bulk Lorentz factors from a few to several…
The standard cosmological model ($\Lambda CDM$) assumes that everything started in a singular Big Bang out of Cosmic Inflation, a mysterious form of modern Aether (the inflaton). Here we look for direct observational evidence for such…
A phenomenological formalism is presented in which the apparent acceleration of the universe is generated by large-scale structure formation, thus eliminating the coincidence and magnitude fine-tuning problems of the Cosmological Constant…
The Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft yielded the most precise navigation in deep space to date. However, while at heliocentric distance of $\sim$ 20--70 AU, the accuracies of their orbit reconstructions were limited by a small, anomalous,…
We analyze here the reasons why an explanation of the Pioneer anomaly proposed by the authors is fully compatible with the cartography of the solar system. First, this proposal posits that the phenomenon is an apparent acceleration, not a…
Under the assumption that they are standard(isable) candles, the lightcurves of Type Ia supernovae have been analyzed in the framework of the standard Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker cosmology to conclude that the expansion rate of…
The laws of gravitation devised by Newton, and by Hilbert and Einstein, have failed many experimental and observational tests, namely the bore hole g anomaly, flat rotation curves for spiral galaxies, supermassive black hole mass spectrum,…
We discuss astronomical and astrophysical evidence, which we relate to the principle of zero-total energy of the Universe, that imply several relations among the mass M, the radius R and the angular momentum L of a "large" sphere…
Aristotle has split physics at the sphere of the moon; above this sphere there is no change except eternal spherical motion, below are two different kinds of motion: Natural motion (without specific cause) and enforced motion. In modern…
We consider a generic minimal modification of the Newtonian potential, that is a modification that introduces only one additional dimensional parameter. The modified potential depends on a function whose behavior for large and small…