Related papers: Electric Charge as a Vector Quantity
There are experimental indications of large flavor mixing between $\nu_{\mu }$ and $\nu_{\tau}$. In the unification models, in which the massless sector includes extra particles beyond the standard model, there possibly appear the mixings…
A phenomenological approach for the universal mass matrix model with a broken flavor 2 <-> 3 symmetry is explored by introducing the 2 <-> 3 antisymmetric parts of mass matrices for quarks and charged leptons . We present explicit texture…
While solving the supersymmetric flavour problem, a U(2) flavour symmetry might be at the origin of the pattern of fermion masses and mixings. The consequences of this hypothesis are spelled out concerning the parameters of the CKM matrix…
Composite fermions (CFs), exotic particles formed by pairing an even number of flux quanta to each electron, provide a fascinating description of phenomena exhibited by interacting two-dimensional electrons at high magnetic fields. At and…
A general operator expansion is presented for quark and lepton mass matrices in unified theories based on a U(2) flavor symmetry, with breaking parameter of order $V_{cb} \approx m_s/m_b \approx \sqrt{m_c/m_t}$. While solving the…
Extending the Standard Model with higher-dimensional operators in an effective-field-theory (EFT) approach provides a systematic framework to study new-physics (NP) effects from a bottom-up perspective, as long as the NP scale is…
We propose a model of an electrically charged fermion as a regular localized solution of electromagnetic and spinor fields interacting with a physical vacuum, which is phenomenologically described as a logarithmic superfluid. We…
We address two fundamental aspects of flavor physics: the mass hierarchy and the large lepton mixing angles. On one side, left-right flavor symmetry realizes the democratic mass matrix patterns and explains why one family is much heavier…
Introducing, in the underlying gauge theory of the Standard Model, the frame vectors in internal space as field variables (framons), in addition to the usual gauge boson and matter fermions fields, one obtains: * the standard Higgs scalar…
The early petite unification (PUT) of quarks and leptons at TeV scales with sin^2 theta_W(M^2_Z) used as a constraint, necessitates the introduction of extra quarks and leptons with unconventional electric charges (up to 4/3 for the quarks…
Very little is known about the mass spectrum of fermions in the standard model. In this talk, I point out that in the simplest extension of the standard model, in which all right-handed fields are singlets, it is quite possible that a…
A relativistic system of electrically charged fermions and oppositely charged massive scalars with no self-interactions, is argued to have a long-lived collective state with a net charge. The charge is residing near the surface of the…
Assuming that neutrinos are not Majorana fermions and the right handed Dirac neutrino does not exist, we propose a model in which the second and the third generations of the leptons are composites, while the first generation is fundamental.…
The problem of quark-lepton families is discussed in the "bottom-up" phenomenological approach to the extensions of the Standard model. It provides the possibility of the {\it Horizontal unification} of the three known families on the basis…
We build upon a simple $U(2)_F$ model of flavor, in which all fermion masses and mixing hierarchies arise from powers of two small parameters controlling $U(2)_F$ breaking. In the original formulation, an isomorphism to the discrete…
Possible maximal mixing seen in the oscillations of the atmospheric neutrinos has led to postulate of a $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry which interchanges $\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_\tau$. We argue that such symmetry need not be special to neutrinos but can…
A two Higgs doublet model with special Yukawa interactions for the top quark and a softly broken discrete symmetry in the Higgs potential is proposed. In this model, the top quark is much heavier than the other quarks and leptons because it…
Charged lepton mixing as a consequence of neutrino mixing is studied for two generations $e,\mu$ in the temperature regime $m_\mu \ll T \ll M_W$ in the early Universe. We state the general criteria for charged lepton mixing, critically…
In preon models based on chiral gauge theories, we show that light composite fermions can ensue as a result of gauging a subset of preons in a vector-like manner. After demonstrating how this mechanism works in a toy example, we construct a…
If neutrinos have mass, we give reasons for a possible pattern of three (squared) mass eigenvalues: $m_1^2 \simeq (2.8 - 5.8) \, \mbox{(eV)}^2 $, $m_2^2 \simeq 0.01 \, \mbox{(eV)}^2 $, $m_3^2 \simeq (1.5 - 1) \times 10^{-4} \mbox{(eV)}^2 $.…