Related papers: The periodic table of elementary particles
The fluxes of electrons, positrons, gammas, Cherenkov photons and muons in individual extensive air showers induced by the primary protons and helium, oxygen and iron nuclei at the level of observation have been estimated with help of the…
A fermion-boson-type composite model for quarks and leptons is proposed. Elementary fields are only one kind of spin-1/2 and spin-0 preon. Both are in the global supersymmetric pair with the common electric charge of e/6 and belong to the…
The top quark and electroweak bosons (W and Z) represent the most massive fundamental particles yet discovered, and as such refer directly to the Standard Model's greatest remaining mystery: the mechanism by which all particles gained mass.…
The fine structure constant alpha ~ 1/137 appears as a lifetime scaling factor for the 36 metastable (t > 10^-21 sec) elementary particles -- 34 hadrons and the mu and tau leptons. The hadrons divide into 24 long-lived unpaired-quark (UQ)…
Using phenomenological formulae, we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the quarks from two elementary quarks ($\epsilon_{u}$ and $\epsilon_{d}$) first. Then using the sum laws and a binding energy formula, in terms of the qqq baryon…
The reactions of electron-positron to nucleon-antinucleon pairs are studied in a non-perturbative quark model. The work suggests that the two-step process, in which the primary quark-antiquark pair forms first a vector meson which in turn…
This article describes the various experimental bounds on the variation of the fundamental constants of nature. After a discussion on the role of fundamental constants, of their definition and link with metrology, the various constraints on…
Electromagnetic properties of quark-like particles are examined in a classical field model involving extended dual electromagnetic fields. These can have fractional charges and a confining potential that derives essentially completely from…
In order to explain the empirical integer multiple rule for the stable mesons and baryons presented in the preceding paper we assume that the particles are held together in a cubic nuclear lattice. This is a novel approach to the particles,…
The mass structure of hadron multiplets is understood to imply the inexactness of SU(3) symmetry. Here we show that these symmetry broken mass splittings amongst baryon and meson multiplet members are close integral multiples of the mass…
Using the Planck scale as an absolute bound of half-life, we give a quick estimate, in the manner of Feynman's fine-structure method, of the highest possible atomic number. We find, upon simple extrapolation, that element 168 would…
There have been many empirical evindences which show that the single-particle picture holds to a good approximation in atomic nuclei. In this picture, protons and neutrons move independently inside a mean-field potential generated by an…
The q-electroweak theory suggests a description of elementary particles as solitons labelled by the irreducible representations of SU_q(2). Since knots may also be labelled by the irreducible representations of SU_q(2), we study a model of…
Recent spacecraft observations exploring solar system properties impact standard paradigms of the formation of stars, planets and comets. We stress the unexpected cloud of microscopic dust resulting from the DEEP IMPACT mission, and the…
Since the particles such as molecules, atoms and nuclei are composite particles, it is important to recognize that physics must be invariant for the composite particles and their constituent particles, this requirement is called particle…
The mass formulae for the supernarrow dibaryons and the exotic baryons with small masses are consructed. With this aim their self energies are calculated in one loop approximation using the dispersion relations with two subtractions. The…
An estimate has been made of the masses of heavy hadrons in nonrelativistic quark model, which includes spin and flavor-dependent hyperfine splitting for two quarks. The effect of variation of the wavefunction value at origin and the strong…
Parton distribution functions (PDFs) describe the structure of hadrons as composed of quarks and gluons. They are needed to make predictions for short-distance processes in high-energy collisions and are determined by fitting to cross…
The accumulation of electrons and positrons in the vacuum magnetosphere of a neutron star with a surface magnetic field of B~10^12 G is considered. It is shown that particles created in the magnetosphere or falling into the magnetosphere…
Assuming the small entries in the mass matrices are produced by fermion-scalar loops, we calculate the anomalous dipole moments of the leptons and quarks. The top quark appears in all the loops as the mass seed. When comparing the results…