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Despite their diversity, many of the most prominent candidate theories of quantum gravity share the property to be effectively lower-dimensional at small scales. In particular, dimension two plays a fundamental role in the finiteness of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-17 Gianluca Calcagni

We proceed from the fact that the classical paths of irreducible massive spinning particle lie on a circular cylinder with the time-like axis in Minkowski space. Assuming that all the classical paths on the cylinder are gauge-equivalent, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-07-09 D. S. Kaparulin , S. L. Lyakhovich , I. A. Retuntsev

Employing a phase space which includes the (Riemann-Liouville) fractional derivative of curves evolving on real space, we develop a restricted variational principle for Lagrangian systems yielding the so-called restricted fractional…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-03-01 Fernando Jiménez , Sina Ober-Blöbaum

We demonstrate that non-convex Lagrangians, as contemplated in the theory of time crystals, can arise in the effective description of conventional, physically realizable systems. Such embeddings resolve dynamical singularities which arise…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-07-30 Alfred D. Shapere , Frank Wilczek

The Schrodinger equation is considered with the first order time derivative changed to a Caputo fractional derivative, the time fractional Schrodinger equation. The resulting Hamiltonian is found to be non-Hermitian and non-local in time.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Mark Naber

This contribution analyses the classical laws of motion by means of an approach relating time and entropy. We argue that adopting the notion of change of states as opposed to the usual derivation of Newton's laws in terms of fields a…

General Physics · Physics 2007-06-19 R Assumpcao

This paper presents (in its Lagrangian version) a very general "historical" formalism for dynamical systems, including time-dynamics and field theories. It is based on the universal notion of history. Its condensed and universal formulation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-11-18 Marc Lachieze-Rey

We explore the mathematical consequences of the assumption of a discrete space-time. The fundamental laws of physics have to be translated into the language of discrete mathematics. We find integral transformations that leave the lattice of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Lorente

There are two main approaches to non-equlibrium statistical mechanics: one using stochastic processes and the other using dynamical systems. To model the dynamics during inflation one usually adopts a stochastic description, which is known…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-29 Vitaly Vanchurin

The Hamiltonian flow of a classical, time-independent, conservative system is incompressible, it is Liouvillian. The analog of Hamilton's equations of motion for a quantum-mechanical system is the quantum-Liouville equation. It is shown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-17 Dimitris Kakofengitis , Ole Steuernagel

In this paper we consider a generalized classical mechanics with fractional derivatives. The generalization is based on the time-clock randomization of momenta and coordinates taken from the conventional phase space. The fractional…

Classical Physics · Physics 2011-11-15 Aleksander Stanislavsky

We prove differentiability of the effective Lagrangian for continuous time multidimensional directed variational problems in random dynamic environments with positive dependence range in time. This implies that limiting fundamental…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-26 Yuri Bakhtin , Douglas Dow

An exact closed relativistic kinetic equation is derived for a system of identical classical particles interacting with each other through a scalar field. The microscopic deterministic mechanism of the irreversible equilibration process in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-25 A. Yu. Zakharov , V. V. Zubkov

The analogy between dynamics and optics had a great influence on the development of the foundations of classical and quantum mechanics. We take this analogy one step further and investigate the validity of Fermat's principle in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-14 Tarek A. Elsayed

When analyzing the equilibrium properties of a stochastic process, identifying the parity of the variables under time-reversal is imperative. This initial step is required to assess the presence of detailed balance, and to compute the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-09 Dario Lucente , Marco Baldovin , Massimiliano Viale , Angelo Vulpiani

We study a class of theories in which space-time is treated classically, while interacting with quantum fields. These circumvent various no-go theorems and the pathologies of semi-classical gravity, by being linear in the density matrix and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-15 Jonathan Oppenheim , Zachary Weller-Davies

The effective approach to quantum dynamics allows a reformulation of the Dirac quantization procedure for constrained systems in terms of an infinite-dimensional constrained system of classical type. For semiclassical approximations, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-20 Martin Bojowald , Philipp A Hoehn , Artur Tsobanjan

The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics assumes the existence of the classical deterministic Newtonian world. We argue that in fact the Newton determinism in classical world does not hold and in classical mechanics there is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Igor V. Volovich

It is noted that the Schrodinger equation with any self-adjoint Hamiltonian is unitary equivalent to a set of non-interacting classical harmonic oscillators and in this sense any quantum dynamics is completely integrable. Higher order…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-11-06 Igor V. Volovich

In relativistic quantum mechanics, elementary particles are described by irreducible unitary representations of the Poincare group. The same applies to the center-of-mass kinematics of a multi-particle system that is not subject to external…

General Physics · Physics 2013-03-22 Walter Smilga