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In heavy-ion collisions, momentum-dependent pair correlations can be characterized by a principal component analysis (PCA), in which subleading modes are expected to reveal new information on flow fluctuations. However, we find that, as…

We suggest an extension of the standard concept of statistical ensembles. Namely, we introduce a class of ensembles with extensive quantities fluctuating according to an externally given distribution. As an example the influence of energy…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 M. I. Gorenstein , M. Hauer

Fluctuations of various observables in heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies have been extensively studied as they provide important signals regarding the formation of a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Because of the large number of…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2016-03-23 Maitreyee Mukherjee

Event-by-event analysis of heavy-ion collision events is an important tool for the study of the QCD phase boundary and formation of a quark-gluon plasma. A universal feature of phase boundaries is the appearance of increased fluctuations of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 T. A. Trainor

Fluctuation relations are powerful equalities that hold far from equilibrium. However, the standard approach to include measurement and feedback schemes may become inapplicable in certain situations, including continuous measurements,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-09-05 Patrick P. Potts , Peter Samuelsson

We investigate in this work the effects of interaction on the fluctuation of empirical measures. The systems with positive definite interaction potentials tend to exhibit smaller fluctuation compared to the fluctuation in standard Monte…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-19 Lei Li , Jiaheng Chen

Many simulations of relativistic heavy ion collisions involve the switching from relativistic hydrodynamics to kinetic particle transport. This switching entails the sampling of particles from the distribution of energy, momentum and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-09-16 Dmytro Oliinychenko , Shuzhe Shi , Volker Koch

Event-by-event fluctuations of mean pt and net charge in 40, 80, and 158 AGeV/c Pb+Au collisions are presented. The observed dynamical mean pt fluctuations in central events of about 1 % are very similar to results from RHIC. The centrality…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-14 Hiroyuki Sako , Harald Appelshaeuser

We review the status of inclusive |Vub| measurements where many new results have become available recently.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Muheim

In this talk I discuss novel explanations for the azimuthal correlations observed in heavy-ion collisions. I review some ideas about correlations and the evolution of heavy-ion collisions. Some aspects of the correlations observed in…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2008-08-06 Paul Sorensen

The effects of event-by-event fluctuations in the initial geometry of the colliding nuclei are important in the analysis of final flow observables in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We use hydrodynamic simulations to study the amplitude…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-14 Jing Qian , Ulrich Heinz

Basic ideas, methods and results related to the NA61/SHINE study of event-by-event fluctuations in high energy nuclear collisions are briefly reviewed.

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-01-03 Marek Gazdzicki

We review the consequences of intrinsic, nonstatistical temperature fluctuations as seen in observables measured in high energy collisions. We do this from the point of view of nonextensive statistics and Tsallis distributions. Particular…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-04 Grzegorz Wilk , Zbigniew Wlodarczyk

We study the effect of thermal blurring caused by the use of (momentum-space) rapidity as a proxy of coordinate-space rapidity in experimental measurements of conserved charge fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions. In…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-10-19 Yutaro Ohnishi , Masakiyo Kitazawa , Masayuki Asakawa

Event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum (mean-$p_T$) provide a sensitive probe of collective dynamics beyond single-particle spectra and anisotropic flow. We present a systematic study of mean-$p_T$ fluctuation…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-02-04 Lipei Du

We analyze event-by-event fluctuations of the transverse momentum in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC in the framework based on the fluctuating Glauber-model initial conditions, event-by-event (3+1)-dimensional viscous…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-04-26 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski

The information of the event-by-event fluctuations is extracted from flow harmonic distributions and cumulants, which can be done experimentally. In this work, we employ the standard method of Gram-Charlier series with the normal kernel to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-01-04 Hadi Mehrabpour

Measurements of inclusive observables, such as particle multiplicities and momentum spectra, have already delivered important information on soft-inclusive ("minimum-bias") physics at the Large Hadron Collider. In order to gain a more…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-18 Kenneth Wraight , Peter Skands

We will provide a review of some of the physics which can be addressed by studying fluctuations and correlations in heavy ion collisions. We will discuss Lattice QCD results on fluctuations and correlations and will put them into context…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-10-15 Volker Koch

The problem of eliminating the statistical fluctuations and extracting the event dynamics from event-by-event analysis is discussed. New moments $G_p$ (for continuous distribution), and $G_{q,p}$ (for anomalous distribution) are proposed,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Jinghua Fu , Lianshou Liu