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The systematics of Statistical Model parameters extracted from heavy-ion collisions at lower energies are exploited to extrapolate in the LHC regime. Predictions of various particle ratios are presented and particle production in central…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 I. Kraus , J. Cleymans , H. Oeschler , K. Redlich , S. Wheaton

The negative binomial distribution has been widely used as a more flexible model than the Poisson distribution for count data. However, when the true data-generating process is Poisson, it is often challenging to distinguish it from a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Yingying Yang , Niloufar Dousti Mousavi , Zhou Yu , Jie Yang

We explore net charge probability distributions in heavy ion collisions within the hadron resonance gas model. The distributions for strangeness, electric charge and baryon number are derived. We show that, within this model, net charge…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-03 P. Braun-Munzinger , B. Friman , F. Karsch , K. Redlich , V. Skokov

The hadronic phase and its dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are topics of immense discussion. The hadronic phase contains various massive hadrons with an abundance of the lightest hadron, i.e., $\pi$-mesons (pions). In this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-22 Ronald Scaria , Captain R. Singh , Raghunath Sahoo

We compute net-proton probability distributions in heavy ion collisions within the hadron resonance gas model. The model results are compared with data taken by the STAR Collaboration in Au-Au collisions at sqrt(s_{NN})= 200 GeV for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-05-29 P. Braun-Munzinger , B. Friman , F. Karsch , K. Redlich , V. Skokov

Phi meson production in heavy-ion collisions at SIS/GSI energies ($\sim 2$ GeV/nucleon) is studied in the relativistic transport model. We include contributions from baryon-baryon, pion-baryon, and kaon-antikaon collisions. The cross…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 W. S. Chung , G. Q. Li , C. M. Ko

Fluctuations in the statistical model of heavy ion collisions are studied. The role of statistics, relativity, constraints, decaying resonances and branching processes are investigated using this model. Also studied are thermodynamic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Aram Z. Mekjian

The fluidity of the hot and dense QCD matter is a key characteristic of the medium created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We extend the framework of the relativistic hydrodynamic model to incorporate non-thermal momentum distributions…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-22 Akihiko Monnai

We compute the pion inclusive transverse momentum distribution assuming thermal equilibrium together with transverse flow and accounting for finite size effects and energy loss at the time of decoupling. We compare to data on mid-rapidity…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Alejandro Ayala , Eleazar Cuautle , J. Magnin , Luis Manuel Montano , Alfredo Raya

In this contribution we briefly give an overview of the theoretical models used to describe experimental data from heavy-ion collisions from $\sqrt{s_{NN}} \approx $ 4 GeV to ultra-relativistic energies of $\sqrt{s_{NN}} \approx $ 5 TeV. We…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-11-07 E. L. Bratkovskaya , W. Cassing , P. Moreau , T. Song

We investigate the influence of the real part of the in-medium pion optical potential on the pion dynamics in intermediate energy heavy ion reactions at 1 GeV/A. For different models, i.e. a phenomenological model and the $\Delta$--hole…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 J. Zipprich , C. Fuchs , E. Lehmann , L. Sehn , S. W. Huang , Amand Faessler

A thermal model describing hadron production in heavy-ion collisions in the few-GeV energy regime is combined with the idea of nucleon coalescence to make predictions for the $^3$H and $^3$He nuclei production. A realistic parametrization…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-22 Zbigniew Drogosz , Wojciech Florkowski , Radoslaw Ryblewski , Nikodem Witkowski

Femtoscopic measurements of two-pion Bose--Einstein correlations have established that particle-emitting sources in heavy-ion collisions are well described by L\'evy $\alpha$-stable distributions, motivating systematic studies across a wide…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-05-18 Matyas Molnar , Daniel Kincses , Mate Csanad

The current status of various thermal and statistical descriptions of particle production in the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions experiments is presented in detail. We discuss the formulation of various types of thermal models of a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-01-06 S. K. Tiwari , C. P. Singh

Two-pion interferometry measurements are used to extract the Gaussian radii $R_{{\rm out}}$, $R_{{\rm side}}$, and $R_{{\rm long}}$, of the pion emission sources produced in Cu$+$Cu and Au$+$Au collisions at several beam collision energies…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-12 A. Adare , S. Afanasiev , C. Aidala , N. N. Ajitanand , Y. Akiba , R. Akimoto , H. Al-Bataineh , H. Al-Ta'ani , J. Alexander , M. Alfred , A. Angerami , K. Aoki , N. Apadula , L. Aphecetche , Y. Aramaki , R. Armendariz , S. H. Aronson , J. Asai , H. Asano , E. C. Aschenauer , E. T. Atomssa , R. Averbeck , T. C. Awes , B. Azmoun , V. Babintsev , M. Bai , G. Baksay , L. Baksay , A. Baldisseri , N. S. Bandara , B. Bannier , K. N. Barish , P. D. Barnes , B. Bassalleck , A. T. Basye , S. Bathe , S. Batsouli , V. Baublis , C. Baumann , S. Baumgart , A. Bazilevsky , M. Beaumier , S. Beckman , S. Belikov , R. Belmont , R. Bennett , A. Berdnikov , Y. Berdnikov , A. A. Bickley , X. Bing , D. Black , D. S. Blau , J. G. Boissevain , J. S. Bok , H. Borel , K. Boyle , M. L. Brooks , J. Bryslawskyj , H. Buesching , V. Bumazhnov , G. Bunce , S. Butsyk , C. M. Camacho , S. Campbell , P. Castera , B. S. Chang , J. -L. Charvet , C. -H. Chen , S. Chernichenko , C. Y. Chi , J. Chiba , M. Chiu , I. J. Choi , J. B. Choi , S. Choi , R. K. Choudhury , P. Christiansen , T. Chujo , P. Chung , A. Churyn , O. Chvala , V. Cianciolo , Z. Citron , C. R. Cleven , B. A. Cole , M. P. Comets , M. Connors , P. Constantin , M. Csanád , T. Csörgő , T. Dahms , S. Dairaku , I. Danchev , K. Das , A. Datta , M. S. Daugherity , G. David , M. B. Deaton , K. DeBlasio , K. Dehmelt , H. Delagrange , A. Denisov , D. d'Enterria , A. Deshpande , E. J. Desmond , K. V. Dharmawardane , O. Dietzsch , L. Ding , A. Dion , J. H. Do , M. Donadelli , O. Drapier , A. Drees , K. A. Drees , A. K. Dubey , J. M. Durham , A. Durum , D. Dutta , V. Dzhordzhadze , L. D'Orazio , S. Edwards , Y. V. Efremenko , J. Egdemir , F. Ellinghaus , W. S. Emam , T. Engelmore , A. Enokizono , H. En'yo , S. Esumi , K. O. Eyser , B. Fadem , N. Feege , D. E. Fields , M. Finger , M. Finger, , F. Fleuret , S. L. Fokin , Z. Fraenkel , J. E. Frantz , A. Franz , A. D. Frawley , K. Fujiwara , Y. Fukao , T. Fusayasu , S. Gadrat , K. Gainey , C. Gal , P. Gallus , P. Garg , A. Garishvili , I. Garishvili , H. Ge , F. Giordano , A. Glenn , H. Gong , X. Gong , M. Gonin , J. Gosset , Y. Goto , R. Granier de Cassagnac , N. Grau , S. V. Greene , M. Grosse Perdekamp , Y. Gu , T. Gunji , L. Guo , H. Guragain , H. -Å. Gustafsson , T. Hachiya , A. Hadj Henni , C. Haegemann , J. S. Haggerty , K. I. Hahn , H. Hamagaki , J. Hamblen , R. Han , S. Y. Han , J. Hanks , H. Harada , E. P. Hartouni , K. Haruna , S. Hasegawa , K. Hashimoto , E. Haslum , R. Hayano , X. He , M. Heffner , T. K. Hemmick , T. Hester , H. Hiejima , J. C. Hill , R. Hobbs , M. Hohlmann , R. S. Hollis , W. Holzmann , K. Homma , B. Hong , T. Horaguchi , Y. Hori , D. Hornback , T. Hoshino , J. Huang , S. Huang , T. Ichihara , R. Ichimiya , J. Ide , H. Iinuma , Y. Ikeda , K. Imai , Y. Imazu , J. Imrek , M. Inaba , Y. Inoue , A. Iordanova , D. Isenhower , L. Isenhower , M. Ishihara , T. Isobe , M. Issah , A. Isupov , D. Ivanischev , D. Ivanishchev , B. V. Jacak , M. Javani , S. J. Jeon , M. Jezghani , J. Jia , X. Jiang , J. Jin , O. Jinnouchi , B. M. Johnson , E. Joo , K. S. Joo , D. Jouan , D. S. Jumper , F. Kajihara , S. Kametani , N. Kamihara , J. Kamin , M. Kaneta , S. Kaneti , B. H. Kang , J. H. Kang , J. S. Kang , H. Kanou , J. Kapustinsky , K. Karatsu , M. Kasai , D. Kawall , M. Kawashima , A. V. Kazantsev , T. Kempel , J. A. Key , V. Khachatryan , A. Khanzadeev , K. Kihara , K. M. Kijima , J. Kikuchi , B. I. Kim , C. Kim , D. H. Kim , D. J. Kim , E. Kim , E. -J. Kim , H. -J. Kim , H. J. Kim , K. -B. Kim , M. Kim , S. H. Kim , Y. -J. Kim , Y. K. Kim , E. Kinney , K. Kiriluk , Á. Kiss , E. Kistenev , A. Kiyomichi , J. Klatsky , J. Klay , C. Klein-Boesing , D. Kleinjan , P. Kline , T. Koblesky , L. Kochenda , V. Kochetkov , M. Kofarago , Y. Komatsu , B. Komkov , M. Konno , J. Koster , D. Kotchetkov , D. Kotov , A. Kozlov , A. Král , A. Kravitz , F. Krizek , J. Kubart , G. J. Kunde , N. Kurihara , K. Kurita , M. Kurosawa , M. J. Kweon , Y. Kwon , G. S. Kyle , R. Lacey , Y. S. Lai , J. G. Lajoie , A. Lebedev , B. Lee , D. M. Lee , J. Lee , K. Lee , K. B. Lee , K. S. Lee , M. K. Lee , S. H. Lee , S. R. Lee , T. Lee , M. J. Leitch , M. A. L. Leite , M. Leitgab , E. Leitner , B. Lenzi , B. Lewis , X. Li , P. Liebing , S. H. Lim , L. A. Linden Levy , T. Liška , A. Litvinenko , H. Liu , M. X. Liu , B. Love , R. Luechtenborg , D. Lynch , C. F. Maguire , Y. I. Makdisi , M. Makek , A. Malakhov , M. D. Malik , A. Manion , V. I. Manko , E. Mannel , Y. Mao , L. Mašek , H. Masui , S. Masumoto , F. Matathias , M. McCumber , P. L. McGaughey , D. McGlinchey , C. McKinney , N. Means , A. Meles , M. Mendoza , B. Meredith , Y. Miake , T. Mibe , A. C. Mignerey , P. Mikeš , K. Miki , A. J. Miller , T. E. Miller , A. Milov , S. Mioduszewski , D. K. Mishra , M. Mishra , J. T. Mitchell , M. Mitrovski , Y. Miyachi , S. Miyasaka , S. Mizuno , A. K. Mohanty , P. Montuenga , H. J. Moon , T. Moon , Y. Morino , A. Morreale , D. P. Morrison , S. Motschwiller , T. V. Moukhanova , D. Mukhopadhyay , T. Murakami , J. Murata , A. Mwai , T. Nagae , S. Nagamiya , Y. Nagata , J. L. Nagle , M. Naglis , M. I. Nagy , I. Nakagawa , H. Nakagomi , Y. Nakamiya , K. R. Nakamura , T. Nakamura , K. Nakano , C. Nattrass , A. Nederlof , P. K. Netrakanti , J. Newby , M. Nguyen , M. Nihashi , T. Niida , B. E. Norman , R. Nouicer , N. Novitzky , A. S. Nyanin , E. O'Brien , S. X. Oda , C. A. Ogilvie , H. Ohnishi , M. Oka , K. Okada , O. O. Omiwade , Y. Onuki , J. D. Orjuela Koop , A. Oskarsson , M. Ouchida , H. Ozaki , K. Ozawa , R. Pak , D. Pal , A. P. T. Palounek , V. Pantuev , V. Papavassiliou , B. H. Park , I. H. Park , J. Park , S. Park , S. K. Park , W. J. Park , S. F. Pate , L. Patel , M. Patel , H. Pei , J. -C. Peng , H. Pereira , D. V. Perepelitsa , G. D. N. Perera , V. Peresedov , D. Yu. Peressounko , J. Perry , R. Petti , C. Pinkenburg , R. Pinson , R. P. Pisani , M. Proissl , M. L. Purschke , A. K. Purwar , H. Qu , J. Rak , A. Rakotozafindrabe , I. Ravinovich , K. F. Read , S. Rembeczki , M. Reuter , K. Reygers , D. Reynolds , V. Riabov , Y. Riabov , E. Richardson , N. Riveli , D. Roach , G. Roche , S. D. Rolnick , A. Romana , M. Rosati , C. A. Rosen , S. S. E. Rosendahl , P. Rosnet , Z. Rowan , J. G. Rubin , P. Rukoyatkin , P. Ružička , V. L. Rykov , B. Sahlmueller , N. Saito , T. Sakaguchi , S. Sakai , K. Sakashita , H. Sakata , H. Sako , V. Samsonov , M. Sano , S. Sano , M. Sarsour , S. Sato , T. Sato , S. Sawada , B. Schaefer , B. K. Schmoll , K. Sedgwick , J. Seele , R. Seidl , A. Yu. Semenov , V. Semenov , A. Sen , R. Seto , P. Sett , A. Sexton , D. Sharma , I. Shein , A. Shevel , T. -A. Shibata , K. Shigaki , M. Shimomura , K. Shoji , P. Shukla , A. Sickles , C. L. Silva , D. Silvermyr , C. Silvestre , K. S. Sim , B. K. Singh , C. P. Singh , V. Singh , S. Skutnik , M. Slunečka , A. Soldatov , R. A. Soltz , W. E. Sondheim , S. P. Sorensen , M. Soumya , I. V. Sourikova , N. A. Sparks , F. Staley , P. W. Stankus , E. Stenlund , M. Stepanov , A. Ster , S. P. Stoll , T. Sugitate , C. Suire , A. Sukhanov , T. Sumita , J. Sun , J. Sziklai , T. Tabaru , S. Takagi , E. M. Takagui , A. Takahara , A. Taketani , R. Tanabe , Y. Tanaka , S. Taneja , K. Tanida , M. J. Tannenbaum , S. Tarafdar , A. Taranenko , P. Tarján , E. Tennant , H. Themann , T. L. Thomas , A. Timilsina , T. Todoroki , M. Togawa , A. Toia , J. Tojo , L. Tomášek , M. Tomášek , H. Torii , M. Towell , R. Towell , R. S. Towell , V-N. Tram , I. Tserruya , Y. Tsuchimoto , T. Tsuji , C. Vale , H. Valle , H. W. van Hecke , M. Vargyas , E. Vazquez-Zambrano , A. Veicht , J. Velkovska , R. Vértesi , A. A. Vinogradov , M. Virius , A. Vossen , V. Vrba , E. Vznuzdaev , M. Wagner , D. Walker , X. R. Wang , D. Watanabe , K. Watanabe , Y. Watanabe , Y. S. Watanabe , F. Wei , R. Wei , J. Wessels , S. Whitaker , S. N. White , D. Winter , S. Wolin , J. P. Wood , C. L. Woody , R. M. Wright , M. Wysocki , B. Xia , W. Xie , L. Xue , S. Yalcin , Y. L. Yamaguchi , K. Yamaura , R. Yang , A. Yanovich , Z. Yasin , J. Ying , S. Yokkaichi , I. Yoon , Z. You , G. R. Young , I. Younus , I. E. Yushmanov , W. A. Zajc , O. Zaudtke , A. Zelenski , C. Zhang , S. Zhou , J. Zimányi , L. Zolin

In the framework of a microscopic string model inclusive charged particle distribution and baryon and antibaryon production are described. The emphasis is put on high energies (RHIC) where shadowing corrections play a crucial role. Some…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Capella

Two-particle, pair-number correlation distributions on two-dimensional transverse momentum ($p_{t1},p_{t2}$) constructed from the particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions allow access to dynamical processes in these systems…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-02-27 R. L. Ray , A. Jentsch

We compute the proton-proton multiplicity distributions at LHC energies in the framework of a multiple scattering model assuming a Poisson distribution for each inelastic collision. Multiple scattering is essential to broaden the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-01-16 A. Capella , E. G. Ferreiro

Multiparticle boson states, proposed recently for 'independently' emitted pions in heavy ion collisions, are reconsidered in standard second quantized formalism and shown to emerge from a simplistic chaotic current dynamics. Compact…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 Lajos Diosi

A class of simple superposition models based on the Glauber picture of multiple collisions is compared with the data on the centrality dependence of the multiplicity distributions in a central rapidity bin. We show how the results depend on…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-12-23 K. Fialkowski , R. Wit