Related papers: Electromagnetic Gauge Invariance of the Cloudy Bag…
In this work, we investigate the question, whether the conventional analysis of the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon, evaluated in the framework of the cloudy bag model (CBM) or other chirally invariant hybrid quark models…
Nucleon electromagnetic form factors are studied in the cloudy bag model (CBM) with center-of-mass and recoil corrections. This is the first presentation of a full set of nucleon form factors using the CBM. The center of mass motion is…
For gauge theory, the matrix element for any physical process is independent of the gauge used. Since this is a formal statement and examples are known where gauge invariance is violated, for any specific process this gauge invariance needs…
In this paper the problem of the gauge in a bound state calculation is discussed. In particular, in order to verify the gauge invariance in the energy levels expansion, some set of gauge invariant contributions are given.
The concept of gauge invariance in classical electrodynamics assumes tacitly that Maxwell's equations have unique solutions. By calculating the electromagnetic field of a moving particle both in Lorenz and in Coulomb gauge and directly from…
The proof of gauge invariance of the quantum electrodynamics of photons and electrons does not apply directly to the quantum electrodynamics of photons, electrons, and nuclei because multi-electron atoms belong to the space of asymptotic…
A recent construction of the electroweak theory, based on perturbative quantum gauge invariance alone, is extended to the case of more generations of fermions with arbitrary mixing. The conditions implied by second order gauge invariance…
In the present paper the gauge-invariant formalism is developed for perturbations of the brane-world model in which our universe is realized as a boundary of a higher-dimensional spacetime. For the background model in which the bulk…
The violation of the scaling law for the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton are examined within the cloudy bag model. The suppression of the ratio of the electric and magnetic form factors is natural in the bag model. The pion…
It is discussed a recently proposed connection among U(1)$_{\rm em}$ electromagnetic gauge invariance and the nature of the neutrino mass terms in the framework of $\mbox {SU(3)}_C\otimes G_W \otimes {\mbox U(1)}_N$, $G_W$ = SU(3)$_L$,…
Nonequilibrium calculations in the presence of an electric field are usually performed in a gauge, and need to be transformed to reveal the gauge-invariant observables. In this work, we discuss the issue of gauge invariance in the context…
Invariance principles determine many key properties in quantum field theory, including, in particular, the appropriate form of the boundary conditions. A crucial consistency check is the proof that the resulting boundary-value problem is…
Gauge invariance is essential for making physically meaningful predictions. In superconductors, mean-field Hamiltonians that explicitly break $U(1)$ symmetry often yield gauge-dependent results. While this issue has been resolved for linear…
Electromagnetic properties of off-shell particles are discussed on the basis of a purely electromagnetic reaction: virtual Compton scattering off a proton. It is shown that the definition of off-shell electromagnetic form factors is not…
Contrary to the conventional view point of quantization that breaks the gauge symmetry, a gauge invariant formulation of quantum electrodynamics is proposed. Instead of fixing the gauge, some frame is chosen to yield the locally invariant…
"Physical theories of fundamental significance tend to be gauge theories. These are theories in which the physical system being dealt with is described by more variables than there are physically independent degree of freedom. The…
The recent unbiased measurements of the electric form factor of the neutron suggest that its shape may be interpreted as a smooth broad distribution with a bump at Q^2 \approx 0.3(GeV/c)^2 superimposed. As a consequence the corresponding…
We demonstrate for the first time and unexpectedly that the Principle of Relativity dictates the choice of the "gauge conditions" in the canonical example of a Gauge Theory namely Classical Electromagnetism. All the known "gauge conditions"…
Nucleon elastic and transition form factors are analyzed in the framework of a collective model of baryons. Effects of meson cloud couplings and relativistic corrections are considered.
Asymptotically safe quantum fluctuations of gravity can uniquely determine the value of the gauge coupling for a large class of grand unified models. In turn, this makes the electromagnetic fine-structure constant calculable. The balance of…