Related papers: Microscopic Analysis of Thermodynamic Parameters f…
In this minireview article, we examine the inconsistent results of thermal parameters derived from various models in high-energy collisions. Through a comprehensive literature review and based on the average transverse momentum or the…
A great many observables seen in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions can be explained on the basis of statistical equilibrium. Calculations based on statistical equilibrium can be implemented in microcanonical ensemble (energy and…
We discuss the status of thermal model descriptions of particle ratios in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energy. An alternative to the ``Cleymans-Redlich'' interpretation of the freeze-out trajectory is given in…
Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) calculations of central collisions between heavy nuclei are used to study fragment production and the creation of collective flow. It is shown that the final phase space distributions are compatible with the…
A nonequilibrium distribution function of microscopic thermal current is studied by a direct numerical simulation in a thermal conducting steady state of particle systems. Two characteristic temperatures of the thermal current are…
The flow of a thermoelectric current through a semiconductor of submicron dimensions is analyzed. The rate of surface relaxation of the energy is assumed to be much higher than the rate of electron-electron collisions. Under these…
Experimental information on fragment emissions is important in understanding the dynamics of nuclear collisions and in the development of transport model simulating heavy-ion collisions. The composition of complex fragments emitted in the…
The density profile of a hot nuclear system produced in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions is studied in a microcanonical formulation with a momentum and density dependent finite range interaction. The caloric curve and the density…
We investigate the chemical equilibration of the parton distributions in collisions of two heavy nuclei. We use initial conditions obtained from a self-screened parton cascade calculation and, for comparison, from the HIJING model. We…
The properties of excited nuclear matter and the quest for a phase transition which is expected to exist in this system are the subject of intensive investigations. High energy nuclear collisions between finite nuclei which lead to matter…
Thermodynamical variables and their time evolution are studied for central relativistic heavy ion collisions from 10.7 to 160 AGeV in the microscopic Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model (UrQMD). The UrQMD model exhibits…
The chemical equilibration of the parton distribution in collisions of two heavy nuclei at the CERN Large Hadron Collider is investigated. Initial conditions are obtained from a self-screened parton cascade calculation. The onset of…
The assumption of local equilibrium in relativistic heavy ion collisions at energies from 10.7 AGeV (AGS) up to 160 AGeV (SPS) is checked in the microscopic transport model. Dynamical calculations performed for a central cell in the…
Small thermodynamic systems exhibit peculiar behavior different from that observed in long-scale systems. Non-equilibrium processes taking place in those systems are strongly influenced by the presence of fluctuations which can be large.…
We discuss the possibility of equilibrium (and thermalization) in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies within a transport model. This was achieved by dividing the nuclear matter into different collision zones. We find that those…
The dependence of particle production on the size of the colliding nuclei is analysed in terms of the thermal model using the canonical ensemble. The concept of strangeness correlation in clusters of sub-volume $V_c$ is used to account for…
We study the size properties of the largest intermediate mass fragments in each partition mode, produced in the prompt statistical breakup of a thermally equilibrated nuclear source, at different temperatures. We find that an appreciable…
An introduction to dynamical microscopic models of hadronic and nuclear interactions is presented. Special emphasis is put in the relation between multiparticle production and total cross-section contributions. In heavy ion collisions, some…
Calorimetric and coalescence techniques have been employed to probe equilibration for hot nuclei produced in heavy ion collisions of 35 to 55 MeV/u projectiles with medium mass targets. Entrance channel mass asymmetries and energies were…
For classical system under constant composition, macroscopic structure in thermodynamically equilibrium state can be determined through the so-called canonical average, including sum over possible microscopic states on phase space. Although…