Related papers: Feedback from Freeze-out in Hydrodynamics
Systematic trends of baryon transport, chemical freeze-out, and kinetic freeze-out in high energy nuclear collisions are presented. Further measurements of particles with heavy flavors are proposed in order to shed light on collision…
We introduce a method to reconstruct full rapidity distributions of charged particle multiplicity and net proton yields, crucial for constraining the longitudinal dynamics of nuclear matter created in the beam energy scan program. Employing…
The freeze out of the expanding systems, created in relativistic heavy ion collisions, is discussed. We combine kinetic freeze out equations with Bjorken type system expansion into a unified model. The important feature of the proposed…
It is shown that the freezeout parameters estimated in the heavy-ion collisions all are well described by a constant value of the entropy density $s$ divided by $T^3$. The value of $s/T^3$ has been taken from the lattice QCD simulations at…
We study the energy loss of a heavy quark propagating through the matter produced in the collision of two sheets of energy [1]. Even though this matter is initially far-from-equilibrium we find that, when written in terms of the energy…
In systems with a conserved density, the additional conservation of the center of mass (dipole moment) has been shown to slow down the associated hydrodynamics. At the same time, long-range interactions generally lead to faster transport…
The evolution of a hadronic system after its chemical decomposition is described through a model that conserves the hadronic multiplicities to their values at chemical freeze-out. The state of the system is found as function of temperature…
We develop a combined hydro-kinetic approach which incorporates a hydrodynamical expansion of the systems formed in \textit{A}+\textit{A} collisions and their dynamical decoupling described by escape probabilities. The method corresponds to…
The experimental determination of freeze-out temperatures and densities from the yields of light elements emitted in heavy ion collisions is discussed. Results from different experimental approaches are compared with those of model…
We explore the consequences of a freeze-out criterion for heavy-ion collisions, based on pion escape probabilities from the hot and dense but rapidly expanding collision region. The influence of the expansion and the scattering rate on the…
There are interesting parallels between the physics of heavy ion collisions and cosmology. Both systems are out-of-equilibrium and relativistic fluid dynamics plays an important role for their theoretical description. From a comparison one…
Deciphering the origin of collective phenomena in small colliding systems is one of contemporary focuses in heavy-ion physics. It entails penetrating the barrier between two previously separated research topics:…
It is shown that the condition for chemical freeze-out, average energy per hadron approximately 1 GeV, selects the softest point of the equation of state, namely the point where the pressure divided by the energy density has a minimum. The…
Wave-sea ice interactions shape the transition zone between open ocean and pack ice in the polar regions. Most theoretical paradigms, implemented in coupled wave-sea ice models, predict exponential decay of the wave energy but some recent…
We introduce a combined macroscopic/microscopic transport approach employing relativistic hydrodynamics for the early, dense, deconfined stage of the reaction and a microscopic non-equilibrium model for the later hadronic stage where the…
Thermal fluctuations affect the dynamics of systems near critical points, the evolution of the early universe, and two-particle correlations in heavy-ion collisions. For the latter, numerical simulations of nearly-ideal, relativistic fluids…
We have shown that recent experimental data on radial flow, both from AGS and SPS energies, are in agreement with the Equation of State (EOS) including the QCD phase transition. New hydro-kinetic model (HKM) is developed, which incorporates…
The impact of non-equilibrium effects on the dynamics of heavy-ion collisions is investigated by comparing a non-equilibrium transport approach, the Parton-Hadron-String-Dynamics (PHSD), to a 2D+1 viscous hydrodynamical model, which is…
The impact of non-equilibrium effects on the dynamics of heavy-ion collisions is investigated by comparing a non-equilibrium transport approach, the Parton-Hadron-String-Dynamics (PHSD), to a 2D+1 viscous hydrodynamical model, which is…
An detailed study of the thermodynamical state of nuclear matter in transport calculations of heavy--ion reactions is presented. In particular we determine temperatures from an analysis of the local momentum space distribution on one hand,…