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We review efforts in string model building, focusing on the heterotic orbifold compactifications. We survey how one can, starting from an explicit string theory, obtain models which resemble Nature. These models exhibit the standard model…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-09 Saul Ramos-Sanchez , Michael Ratz

This chapter reviews how molecular dynamics simulations, experimental data, and Markov state models can synergize to map-out the mechanism of protein-protein association and dissociation.

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-05-07 Simon Olsson

Starting from a variational formulation, we present a model for image segmentation that employs both region statistics and edge information. This combination allows for improved flexibility, making the proposed model suitable to process a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-10-15 Carlos M. Paniagua Mejia

Statistical models based on canonical and grand canonical ensembles are extensively used to study intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. The underlying physical assumption behind canonical and grand canonical models is fundamentally…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-11 Swagata Mallik , Gargi Chaudhuri

An approach is suggested for treating multiscale fluctuations in macromolecular systems. The emphasis is on the statistical properties of such fluctuations. The approach is illustrated by a macromolecular system with mesoscopic fluctuations…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2012-08-07 V. I. Yukalov , E. P. Yukalova

Lattice models with long-range interactions of power-law type are suggested as a new type of microscopic model for fractional non-local elasticity. Using the transform operation, we map the lattice equations into continuum equation with…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-04-16 Vasily E. Tarasov

We review some of the properties of higher-dimensional superstatistical stochastic models. As an example, we analyse the stochastic properties of a superstatistical model of 3-dimensional Lagrangian turbulence, and compare with experimental…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Christian Beck

We study a lattice model of attractive colloids. It is exactly solvable on sparse random graphs. As the pressure and temperature are varied it reproduces many characteristic phenomena of liquids, glasses and colloidal systems such as ideal…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-10-15 Florent Krzakala , Marco Tarzia , Lenka Zdeborová

In rotationally constrained percolation models, a site of a percolation cluster could be occupied more than once from different directions due to the nature of the rotational constraint. A state variable $s_i$ is assigned to each lattice…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-13 Santanu Sinha , S. B. Santra

The thermodynamics of the lattice model of intercalation of ions in crystals is considered in the mean field approximation. Pseudospin formalism is used for the description of interaction of electrons with ions and the possibility of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-07-08 T. S. Mysakovych , V. O. Krasnov , I. V. Stasyuk

The distinguishability of at least two species of particles in the classical lattice gas with no interactions except hard-core exclusion entails additional interparticle correlations. A nonlinear mixing flow appears and manifests itself…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-02-07 O. V. Kliushnychenko , S. P. Lukyanets

We study the phase transition phenomena for long-range oriented percolation and contact process. We studied a contact process in which the range of each vertex are independent, updated dynamically and given by some distribution $N$. We also…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Pablo A. Gomes , Bernardo N. B. de Lima

These lectures provide an introduction to lattice methods for nonperturbative studies of Quantum Chromodynamics. Lecture 1 (Ch. 2): Basic techniques for QCD and results for hadron spectroscopy using the simplest discretizations; lecture 2…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-06 T. DeGrand

If one isolated species is supposed to evolve following the logistic mapping, then we are tempted to think that the dynamics of two species can be expressed by a coupled system of two discrete logistic equations. As three basic…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Lopez-Ruiz , D. Fournier-Prunaret

We consider a Lattice Gas model in which the sites interact via infinite-ranged random couplings independently distributed with a Gaussian probability density. This is the Lattice Gas analogue of the well known Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Ising…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-30 Francesco M. Russo

We propose a new statistical model that can reproduce the hierarchical nature of the ubiquitous filamentary structures of molecular clouds. This model is based on the multiplicative random cascade, which is designed to replicate the…

We study diffusion processes in anomalous spacetimes regarded as models of quantum geometry. Several types of diffusion equation and their solutions are presented and the associated stochastic processes are identified. These results are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-20 Gianluca Calcagni

Isotopic spin dependent lattice gas model is used to examine if it produces the isoscaling behaviour seen in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. Qualitative features are reproduced but quantitative agreement with experiments is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 C. B. Das , S. Das Gupta

Lattice models are valuable tools to gain insight into the statistical physics of heteropolymers. We rigorously map the partition function of these models into a vacuum expectation value of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory (LGT), with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-03-19 Veronica Panizza , Alessandro Roggero , Philipp Hauke , Pietro Faccioli

Partial energy fluctuations are known tools to reconstruct microcanonical heat capacities. For experimental applications, approximations have been developed to infer fluctuations at freeze out from the observed fragment partitions. The…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Gulminelli , Ph. Chomaz , M. D'Agostino