Related papers: Dynamical Freeze-out in 3-Fluid Hydrodynamics

The particle emission in relativistic hydrodynamic model is formulated assuming a sharp 3-dimensional space-time freeze-out hypersurface. The boundary conditions correspond to the energy-momentum and charge conservation between fluid and…

In hydrodynamical modeling of the ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions the freeze-out is typically performed at a constant temperature or density. In this work we apply a dynamical freeze-out criterion, which compares the hydrodynamical…

In hydrodynamical modelling of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions the freeze-out is typically assumed to take place on a surface of constant temperature or energy density. In this work we apply a dynamical freeze-out criterion, which…

Upcoming experimental programs will look for signatures of a possible critical point in the QCD phase diagram in fluctuation observables. To understand and predict these signatures, one must account for the fact that the dynamics of any…

Freeze-out of particles across 3-dimensional space-time hypersurface with space-like normal is discussed in a simple kinetic model. The final momentum distribution of emitted particles shows a non-exponential transverse momentum spectrum,…

Exact solutions to the equations of hydrodynamics provide valuable benchmark tests for numerical hydrodynamic codes and also provide useful insights into the nature of hydrodynamic flow. In this paper, we introduce two novel, closely…

We investigate the hydrodynamics of the QCD plasma using dimensionless numbers built from the thermodynamics and transport theory of the plasma and characteristic dimensions of the fireball produced in heavy-ion collisions. We find that by…

Freeze-out of particles in relativistic hydrodynamics is considered across a 3-dimensional space-time hypersurface. The conservation laws for time-like parts of the freeze-out hypersurface require different values of temperature, baryonic…

From an analysis of various types of data obtained in relativistic nuclear collisions, the following picture has emerged in thermal and hydrodynamical descriptions: as the fluid expands and cools, particles first undergo a chemical freeze…

Stochastic mean-field simulations for multifragmenting sources at the same excitation energy per nucleon have been performed. The freeze-out volume, a concept which needs to be precisely defined in this dynamical approach, was shown to…

In fluid dynamical models the freeze out of particles across a three dimensional space-time hypersurface is discussed. The calculation of final momentum distribution of emitted particles is described for freeze out surfaces, with both…

We study the importance of the initial state, baryon stopping and baryon number transport for the dynamical evolution of a strongly interacting system produced in heavy ion collisions. We employ a hybrid model, which combines the fluid…

Most hydrodynamical calculations used in heavy-ion physics ignore the effect of freeze-out matter carrying energy and momentum away from the expanding fluid. In a simple one-dimensional model we compare calculated energy density and…

We have formulated a self-consistent model of freeze-out on an arbitrary hypersurface. It conserves energy and momentum across the discontinuity between ideal fluid and the gas of free particles. Energy and momentum of those free particles…

We study the effects of strict conservation laws and the problem of negative contributions to final momentum distribution during the freeze out through 3-dimensional hypersurfaces with space-like normal. We study some suggested solutions…

Suspensions of self-propelled particles, such as swimming micro-organisms, are known to undergo complex dynamics as a result of hydrodynamic interactions. This fluid dynamics video presents a numerical simulation of such a suspension, based…

Directed flow of identified hadrons in a baryon rich fireball is an interesting observable as it is expected to probe several physics aspects: the initial three dimensional baryon profile in the thermalised fireball that can be treated as…

The article considers a way to compare large bulks of experimental data with theoretical calculations, in which the quality of theoretical models is clearly demonstrated graphically. The main idea of the method consists in grouping physical…

We introduce a novel freeze-out procedure connecting the hydrodynamic evolution of a droplet of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) that has, as it expanded and cooled, passed close to a posited critical point on the QCD phase diagram with the…

Thermal models have proven to be an useful and simple tool used to make theoretical predictions and data analysis in relativistic and ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. A new version of these models is presented here, incorporating a…