Related papers: Particle Ratios, Equilibration, and the QCD Phase …
Temperature and baryon, charge, and strangeness chemical potentials characterize QCD matter under extreme conditions. Differences between these chemical potentials and their ratios probe conserved-charge correlations and the system's…
Using the string melting version of a multiphase transport model, we focus on the evolution of thermodynamic properties of the central cell of parton matter produced in Au$+$Au collisions ranging from 200 GeV down to 2.7 GeV. The…
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) predicts that at sufficiently high temperature ($T$) and/or baryon chemical potential ($\mu_B$), the state of matter is in the form of quarks and gluons, which are no longer confined within hadrons. This…
Various explanations of the anomalous proton to pion ratio at the LHC are discussed. The special emphasis is set on the Cracow thermal model with single freeze-out. This model allows to get a good agreement for both the mean hadron…
A scenario of heavy resonances, called massive Hagedorn states, is proposed which exhibits a fast ($t\approx 1$ fm/c) chemical equilibration of (strange) baryons and anti-baryons at the QCD critical temperature $T_c$. For relativistic heavy…
We discuss the possibility of equilibrium (and thermalization) in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies within a transport model. This was achieved by dividing the nuclear matter into different collision zones. We find that those…
Within the context of relativistic nuclear collisions aimed at exploring hot and baryon-dense matter, we investigate how the general features of the expansion dynamics, as well as a number of specific observables, depend on the equation of…
We address the question of how to identify the QCD phase transition using measured light (u,d,s-structured) hadrons, without invoking comparison to the QCD $\epsilon_c$ predictions, and extract $\epsilon_c$ from the data. We analyse several…
We propose a mechanism of thermalization of nucleons in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. Our model belongs, to a certain degree, to the transport ones; we consider the evolution of the system, but we parametrize this development by…
The equation of state of QCD at finite temperatures and baryon densities has a wide range of applications in many fields of modern particle and nuclear physics. It is the main ingredient to describe the dynamics of experimental heavy ion…
At thermal equilibrium, different chemical freezeout conditions have been proposed so far. They have an ultimate aim of proposing a universal description for the chemical freezeout parameters ($T_{ch}$ and $\mu_b$), which are to be…
At high temperatures, strongly interacting matter becomes a plasma of deconfined quarks and gluons. In statistical QCD, deconfinement and the properties of the resulting quark-gluon plasma can be investigated by studying the in-medium…
Predictions for particle production at LHC are discussed in the context of the statistical model. Moreover, the capability of particle ratios to determine the freeze-out point experimentally is studied, and the best suited ratios are…
This Chapter introduces QCD at finite temperature and density. We first present the formulation of the thermal theory in the Euclidean path integral formalism. We then describe how the strong dynamics at high temperature can be inspected…
We develop a phenomenological statistical model for dilute star matter at finite temperature, in which free nucleons are treated within a mean-field approximation and nuclei are considered to form a loosely interacting cluster gas. Its…
In nucleus-nucleus collisions at relativistic energies a new kind of matter is created, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). The phase diagram of such matter and the chemical freeze-out points will be presented in connection to the pseudo-critical…
In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, a nearly perfect fluid is formed, known as the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP). After a short thermalization period, the evolution of this medium can be described by the equations of…
The system-size dependence of particle production in heavy-ion collisions at the top SPS energy is analyzed in terms of the statistical model. A systematic comparison is made of two suppression mechanisms that quantify strange particle…
I discuss strangeness production in nucleus-nucleus reactions at ultrarelativistic energies (up to 200 AGeV). In these reactions matter may be created with densities and temperatures in the transition region between quark-gluon plasma (QGP)…
The Large Hadron Collider at CERN will provide Pb-Pb collisions at energies up to $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.5 TeV. We speculate on global observables, i.e. the charged particle density at mid-rapidity, chemical freeze-out conditions and…