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Related papers: Complex Langevin Equation and the Many-Fermion Pro…

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It is commonly believed that in quantum Monte Carlo approaches to fermionic many- body problems, the infamous sign problem generically implies prohibitively large computational times for obtaining thermodynamic-limit quantities. We point…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-06-13 R. Rossi , N. Prokof'ev , B. Svistunov , K. Van Houcke , F. Werner

Lattice simulations of non-zero density QCD introduce the so-called sign problem (complex or negative probabilities), which invalidates importance sampling methods. To circumvent this, we use the Complex Langevin Equation (CLE), to measure…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2023-03-01 Michael W. Hansen , Dénes Sexty

The complex Langevin (CL) method is a promising approach to overcome the sign problem that occurs in real-time formulations of quantum field theories. Using the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, we study SU($N_c$) gauge theories with CL. We…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2023-06-13 Kirill Boguslavski , Paul Hotzy , David I. Müller

The complex Langevin method (CLM) is a promising tool to address the sign problem in quantum field theories with complex actions. However, it can converge to incorrect results even when simulations appear stable, highlighting the need for…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2026-03-27 Anosh Joseph , Arpith Kumar

The complex Langevin (CL) method is a promising approach to overcome the sign problem, which emerges in real-time formulations of quantum field theories. Over the past decade, stabilization techniques for CL have been developed with…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2022-10-18 Kirill Boguslavski , Paul Hotzy , David I. Müller

In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in theoretical justification of the complex Langevin method, which is a promising method for evading the sign problem in the path integral with a complex weight. There still remains,…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-12-09 Jun Nishimura , Shinji Shimasaki

We explore a novel and straightforward solution to the sign problem that has plagued the Auxiliary-field Monte Carlo (AFMC) method applied to many-body systems for more than a decade. We present a solution to the sign problem that has…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-08-23 G. Stoitcheva , W. E. Ormand , D. Neuhauser , D. J. Dean

The complex Langevin method (CLM) offers a potential solution to the sign problem in quantum field theories with complex actions, but can converge to incorrect results even when simulations appear stable. Existing diagnostics monitor drift…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-10-30 Anosh Joseph , Arpith Kumar

Complex Langevin simulations are an attempt to solve the sign (or complex-action) problem encountered in various physical systems of interest. The method is based on a complexification of the underlying degrees of freedom and an evolution…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-04-08 Michael W. Hansen , Michael Mandl , Erhard Seiler , Dénes Sexty

Langevin Monte Carlo (LMC) and its stochastic gradient versions are powerful algorithms for sampling from complex high-dimensional distributions. To sample from a distribution with density $\pi(\theta)\propto \exp(-U(\theta)) $, LMC…

Computation · Statistics 2023-09-25 Sifan Liu

Langevin Monte Carlo (LMC) is a popular Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling method. One drawback is that it requires the computation of the full gradient at each iteration, an expensive operation if the dimension of the problem is high. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-06 Zhiyan Ding , Qin Li , Jianfeng Lu , Stephen J. Wright

Simulations of QCD with a finite chemical potential typically lead to a severe sign problem, prohibiting any standard Monte Carlo approach. Complex Langevin simulations provide an alternative to sample path integrals with oscillating weight…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2014-11-12 Gert Aarts , Felipe Attanasio , Benjamin Jäger , Erhard Seiler , Denes Sexty , Ion-Olimpiu Stamatescu

We develop a framework that allows the use of the multi-level Monte Carlo (MLMC) methodology (Giles2015) to calculate expectations with respect to the invariant measure of an ergodic SDE. In that context, we study the (over-damped) Langevin…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-08-13 Michael B. Giles , Mateusz B. Majka , Lukasz Szpruch , Sebastian Vollmer , Konstantinos Zygalakis

Langevin Monte Carlo (LMC) algorithms are popular Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to sample a target probability distribution, which arises in many applications in machine learning. Inspired by regime-switching stochastic…

Computation · Statistics 2025-09-03 Xiaoyu Wang , Yingli Wang , Lingjiong Zhu

We simulate lattice QCD at finite quark-number chemical potential to study nuclear matter, using the complex Langevin equation (CLE). The CLE is used because the fermion determinant is complex so that standard methods relying on importance…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2018-04-18 D. K. Sinclair , J. B. Kogut

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods offer exact solutions for quantum many-body systems but face severe limitations in fermionic systems like atomic nuclei due to the sign problem. While sign-problem-free QMC algorithms exist and provide…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-01-06 Zhong-Wang Niu , Bing-Nan Lu

Monte Carlo methods cannot probe far into the QCD phase diagram with a real chemical potential, due to the famous sign problem. Complex Langevin simulations, using adaptive step-size scaling and gauge cooling, are suited for sampling path…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-11-02 Gert Aarts , Felipe Attanasio , Benjamin Jäger , Erhard Seiler , Dénes Sexty , Ion-Olimpiu Stamatescu

This article gives an introduction to the multilevel blocking (MLB) approach to both the fermion and the dynamical sign problem in path-integral Monte Carlo simulations. MLB is able to substantially relieve the sign problem in many…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Egger , C. H. Mak

We present our latest results on the application of the complex Langevin method to one- and two-dimensional QCD. Although the method is stable, it unfortunately converges to an incorrect result when applied as such. After applying…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-08-24 Jacques Bloch , Johannes Mahr , Sebastian Schmalzbauer

We present in detail a formulation of the shell model as a path integral and Monte Carlo techniques for its evaluation. The formulation, which linearizes the two-body interaction by an auxiliary field, is quite general, both in the form of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 G. H. Lang , C. W. Johnson , S. E. Koonin , W. E. Ormand