Related papers: Temperatures of Exploding Nuclei
For midrapidity fragments from central 50-200 AMeV Au+Au collisions temperatures from double ratios of isotopic yields were compared with temperatures from particle unbound states. Temperatures from particle unbound states with T = 4-5 MeV…
We report on new measurements of breakup temperatures for target spectators from 197Au + 197Au reactions at 1000 MeV per nucleon. The temperatures rise with decreasing impact parameter from 4 MeV for peripheral to about 10 MeV for the most…
Breakup temperatures were deduced from double ratios of isotope yields for target spectators produced in the reaction Au + Au at 1000 MeV per nucleon. Pairs of $^{3,4}$He and $^{6,7}$Li isotopes and pairs of $^{3,4}$He and H isotopes (p, d…
Nuclear temperatures obtained from inclusive measurements of double isotopic yield ratios of fragments produced in 1 GeV p + A collisions amount to about 4 MeV nearly independent from the target mass.
Isotope temperatures from double ratios of hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, and carbon isotopic yields, and excited-state temperatures from yield ratios of particle-unstable resonances in 4He, 5Li, and 8Be, were determined for…
Isotope yields of heavy residues produced in collisions of 238U with lead at 1AGeV show indications for a simultaneous break-up process. From the average N-over-Z ratio of the final residues up to Z = 70, the average limiting temperature of…
The excitation energy and the nuclear density at the time of breakup are extracted for the $\alpha + ^{197}Au$ reaction at beam energies of 1 and 3.6 GeV/nucleon. These quantities are calculated from the average relative velocity of…
This work focuses on the study of temperature associated with the final heavy fragments in reactions induced by both the neutron-proton symmetric and the neutron-rich projectiles, and with incident energy ranges from 60$A$ MeV to 1$A$ GeV.…
We analyze the experimental hadron yield ratios for central nucleus-nucleus collisions in terms of thermal model calculations over a broad energy range, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=2.7-200 GeV. The fits of the experimental data with the model…
Yields of isotopically separated light fragments and residual nuclei produced in p(1GeV)+A collisions have been analyzed. For both fragmentation and spallation reactions isotopic scaling, i.e. factorization of the isotope ratios, was…
Realistic caloric curves are obtained for $^{197}Au + ^{197}Au$ reaction with incident energy ranging from 35 to 130 MeV/nucleon in the dynamic statistical multifragmentation model. It is shown that for excitation energy 3 to 8 MeV/nucleon,…
The density of accessible levels in the ($^3$He,$\alpha \gamma$) reaction has been extracted for the $^{162}$Dy, $^{166}$Er and $^{172}$Yb nuclei. The nuclear temperature is measured as a function of excitation energy in the region of 0 --…
The isotope yields of fragments, produced in the decay of the quasiprojectile in Au+Au peripheral collisions at 35 MeV/nucleon and those coming from the disassembly of the unique source formed in Xe+Cu central reactions at 30 MeV/nucleon,…
The thermodynamic parameters like energy density, pressure, entropy density, temperature and particle density are determined from the transverse momentum distributions of charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. The results show a…
Isotopic effects in projectile fragmentation at relativistic energies have been studied with the ALADIN forward spectrometer at SIS. Stable and radioactive Sn and La beams with an incident energy of 600 MeV per nucleon have been used in…
Excitation-energy distributions have been derived from measurements of 5.0-14.6 GeV/c antiproton, proton and pion reactions with $^{197}$Au target nuclei, using the ISiS 4$\pi$ detector array. The maximum probability for producing high…
The A/Z dependence of projectile fragmentation at relativistic energies has been studied with the ALADIN forward spectrometer at SIS. A stable beam of 124Sn and radioactive beams of 124La and 107Sn at 600 MeV per nucleon have been used in…
The nuclear level densities of $^{194-196}$Pt and $^{197,198}$Au below the neutron separation energy have been measured using transfer and scattering reactions. All the level density distributions follow the constant-temperature…
The ratio of pairing-energy coefficient to temperature ($a_{p}/T$) of neutron-rich fragments produced in spallation reactions has been investigated by adopting an isobaric yield ratio method deduced in the framework of a modified Fisher…
Experimental data from the reaction of an 8.0 GeV/c pi- beam incident on a 197Au target have been analyzed in order to investigate the integrated breakup time scale for hot residues. Alpha-particle energy spectra and particle angular…