Related papers: Flow Phenomena at AGS Energies
A short, abrupt increase in energy injection rate into steady strongly-driven rotating turbulent flow is used as a probe for energy transfer in the system. The injected excessive energy is localized in time and space and its spectra differ…
The analysis of anisotropic flow of particles created in high energy heavy-ion collisions gives insight into the early stage of these reactions. Measurements of directed flow (v1), elliptic flow (v2) and flow of 4th and 6th order (v4 and…
The first three measurements from the RHIC program were results on global observables: charged particle multiplicity (N_ch), transverse energy (E_T) and elliptic flow (v_2). They offer a look at the large-scale features of particle…
We use (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics with exact longitudinal boost-invariance to study the influence of collision centrality and initial energy density on the transverse flow pattern and the angular distributions of particles emitted near…
Turbulence is characterized by the non-linear cascades of energy and other inviscid invariants across a huge range of scales, from where they are injected to where they are dissipated. Recently, new experimental, numerical and theoretical…
The method of flow tracing follows the power flow from net-generating sources through the network to the net-consuming sinks, which allows to assign the usage of the underlying transmission infrastructure to the system participants. This…
The directed flow of charged hadron and identified particles has been studied in the framework of a multi-phase transport (AMPT) model, for $^{197}$Au+$^{197}$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$200, 130, 62.4, 39, 17.2 and 9.2 GeV. The…
The transverse momentum technique is used to analyse charged-particle exclusive data in central C-Ne and C-Cu interactions at energy of 3.7 GeV per nucleon. Clear evidence of in-plane and out-of-plane (squeeze-out) flow effects for protons…
Measurements of anisotropic flow coefficients with two- and multi-particle cumulants for inclusive charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{\textit s}_\text{NN}} = 5.02$ and 2.76 TeV are reported in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|…
Elliptic flow is an interesting probe of the dynamical evolution of the dense system formed in the ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elliptic flow dependences on transverse momentum,…
In turbulent flows kinetic energy is spread by nonlinear interactions over a broad range of scales. Energy transfer may proceed either toward small scales or in the reverse direction. The latter case is peculiar of two-dimensional (2D)…
A microscopically resolved picture of energy flow in atom-diatom collisions is essential for understanding the non-equilibrium chemistry in rarefied and hypersonic gas flow. Here, a comprehensive ensemble of quasi-classical trajectories on…
Centrality dependence of the directed flow of protons in Au+Au collisions at the beam energy of 1.23A GeV collected by the HADES experiment at GSI is presented. Measurements are performed with respect to the spectators plane estimated using…
In this thesis, I introduce a new bottom-up approach to quantum field theory and collider physics, beginning from the observable energy flow: the energy distribution produced by particle collisions. First, I establish a metric space for…
The sign change of the slope of the directed flow of baryons has been predicted as a signal for a first order phase transition within fluid dynamical calculations. Recently, the directed flow of identified particles has been measured by the…
The event-by-event analysis of high energy nuclear collisions aims at revealing the richness of the underlying event structures and provide unique measures of dynamical fluctuations associated with QGP phase transition. The major challenge…
In turbulent flows, energy flux refers to the transfer of kinetic energy across different scales of motion, a concept that is a cornerstone of turbulence theory. The direction of net energy flux is prescribed by the dimensionality of the…
Directed sideward flow of light charged particles and intermediate mass fragments was measured in different symmetric reactions at bombarding energies from 90 to 800 AMeV. The flow parameter is found to increase with the charge of the…
We report the measurements of elliptic flow $v_{2}$, as well as higher harmonics triangular flow $v_{3}$ and quadrangular flow $v_{4}$, in $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} =$ 2.76 TeV Pb--Pb collisions, measured with the ALICE detector. We show that the…
The elliptic and triangular flow of charged particles are measured using two-particle angular correlations in $p$Pb collisions in the pseudorapidity range \cal{2.0 $< |\eta| <$ 4.8}. The data sample was collected by the LHCb experiment in…