Related papers: Experimental observables on nuclear liquid gas pha…
An introductory review on the critical behaviour of some irreversible reaction systems is given. The study of these systems has attracted great attention during the last decades due to, on the one hand, the rich and complex underlying…
We discuss possible experimental signatures of forming a Quark-Gluon plasma in high energy nuclear collisions. In first order phase transitions such as the chiral symmetry restoration supercooling may lead to density fluctuations such as…
The beam energy dependence of net baryon number susceptibilities is studied in the framework of the hadron resonance gas model with the attractive and repulsive van der Waals interactions between baryons. The collision energy dependences…
Temporal evolutions toward thermal equilibria are numerically investigated in a Hamiltonian system with many degrees of freedom which has second order phase transition. Relaxation processes are studied through local order parameter, and…
Flow observables in heavy-ion reactions at incident energies up to about 1 GeV per nucleon have been shown to be very useful for investigating the reaction dynamics and for determining the parameters of reaction models based on transport…
The exploration of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram is a central goal of relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments. This review focuses on the role of fluctuations and correlations as sensitive probes of the phase…
Dynamical and thermal characterizations of excited nuclear systems produced during the collisions between two heavy ions at intermediate incident energies are presented by means of a review of experimental and theoretical work performed in…
In this review, we systematically examine the principles and the practices of fluctuations such as the momentum and the charge fluctuations as applied to the heavy ion collisions. Main emphases are: (i) Fluctuations as signals of phase…
Monitored quantum system have sparked great interest in recent years due to the possibility of observing measurement-induced phase transitions (MIPTs) in the full-counting statistics of the quantum trajectories associated with different…
We study the quantum phase diagram and the onset of quantum critical phenomena in a generalized Dicke model that includes collective qubit-qubit interactions. By employing semiclassical techniques, we analyze the corresponding classical…
QCD critical point is a landmark region in the QCD phase diagram outlined by temperature as a function of baryon chemical potential. To the right of this second-order phase transition point, one expects first order quark-hadron phase…
Event-by-event \gamma-charge correlation is used in studying systems going through QCD chiral phase transition. In this paper various methods for measuring \gamma-charge correlation in heavy ion collisions have been discussed. Dynamical…
Questions concerning nuclear phase transitions are addressed within the transport theory. The issue of thermal equilibrium in the region of the liquid-gas phase transition is investigated. Signatures of the transition to the quark-gluon…
The mechanisms of phase change of argon during picosecond laser internal ablation are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that propagation of stress wave and fluctuation of temperature are periodical. The phase change…
The measurement of particle correlations and fluctuations has been suggested as a method to search for the existence of a phase transition in relativistic heavy ion collisions. If quark-gluon matter is formed in the collision of…
In heavy-ion collisions in the energy regime probed at the CERN SPS, experimental hints for the deconfinement phase transition have been seen in numerous inclusive hadronic observables. In order to further characterize this transition, and…
We study the dynamical fluctuations of various particle yield ratios at different incident energies. Assuming that the particle production yields in the hydronic final state are due to equilibrium chemical processes ($\gamma=1$), the…
We describe gapped single-particle and collective excitations across a superfluid to insulator quantum phase transition of particles (bosons or fermions) in a periodic potential, with an even number of particles per unit cell. We…
Effects caused by the event-by-event fluctuation of the initial conditions in hydrodynamical description of high-energy heavy-ion collisions are investigated. Non-negligible effects appear for several observable quantities, even for a fixed…
Phase transitions are a fundamental concept in science describing diverse phenomena ranging from, e.g., the freezing of water to Bose-Einstein condensation. While the concept is well-established in equilibrium, similarly fundamental…