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We extract the two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions to electron--proton elastic scattering using two parametrizations and compare the results to different phenomenological extractions and direct calculations of the TPE effects. We find…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-05-30 I. A. Qattan , A. Alsaad , J. Arrington

The effects of multi-photon-exchange and other higher-order QED corrections on elastic electron-proton scattering have been a subject of high experimental and theoretical interest since the polarization transfer measurements of the proton…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2021-06-23 A. J. R. Puckett , J. C. Bernauer , A. Schmidt

A puzzling discrepancy exists between the values of the proton charge radius obtained using different experimental techniques: elastic electron-proton scattering and spectroscopy of electronic and muonic hydrogen. The proton radius is…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-03-07 Alexander V. Gramolin , Rebecca L. Russell

Among the most fundamental observables of nucleon structure, electromagnetic form factors are a crucial benchmark for modern calculations describing the strong interaction dynamics of the nucleon's quark constituents; indeed, recent proton…

The internal charge and magnetization distributions of the proton are characterized by electromagnetic form factors GE and GM. They are experimentally extracted via Rosenbluth separation, which measures the elastic scattering of electrons…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-11-26 Tyler Williams , Jennifer Rittenhouse West , Douglas W. Higinbotham , Fatiha Benmokhtar

The electromagnetic form factors of the proton and the neutron in the timelike region are investigated. Electron-positron annihilation into antinucleon-nucleon ($\bar NN$) pairs is treated in distorted wave Born approximation, including the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-12-06 Qin-He Yang , Ling-Yun Dai , Di Guo , Johann Haidenbauer , Xian-Wei Kang , Ulf-G. Meißner

We estimate the two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering at large momentum transfer through the scattering off a parton in the proton. We relate the process on the nucleon to the generalized parton…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-11 Y. C. Chen , A. Afanasev , S. J. Brodsky , C. E. Carlson , M. Vanderhaeghen

The variation with energy of the total cross section for elastic electron scattering from atoms of several elements is caused primarily by shape resonances corresponding to the formation of temporary negative ions. It is shown that such…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Nicoletopoulos

We consider one aspect of the theoretical foundations of polarization experiments on elastic scattering of electrons on protons yielding form factor ratios incompatible with those that are extracted from nonpolarization experiments. We…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-04-21 L. M. Slad

Corrections of two-photon exchange to proton and neutron electromagnetic form factors are employed to study the effect of two-photon exchange on the deuteron electromagnetic form factors. Numerical results of the effect are given. It is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-07-30 Yu Bing Dong , D. Y. Chen

We present a combined analysis of the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon in the space- and timelike regions using dispersion theory. Our framework provides a consistent description of the experimental data over the full range of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-02-16 Yong-Hui Lin , Hans-Werner Hammer , Ulf-G. Meißner

The structure function approach and the parton picture, developed for the theoretical description of the deep inelastic electron-proton scattering, also proved to be very effective for calculation of radiative corrections in Quantum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-09-28 V. S. Fadin , R. E. Gerasimov

The complete world set of parity violating electron scattering data up to Q^2~0.3 GeV^2 is analysed. We extract the current experimental determination of the strange electric and magnetic form factors of the proton, as well as the weak…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2010-02-17 R. D. Young , J. Roche , R. D. Carlini , A. W. Thomas

We compute the corrections from two-photon and photon-Z exchange in parity-violating elastic electron-proton scattering, used to extract the strange form factors of the proton. We use a hadronic formalism that successfully reconciled the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 J. A. Tjon , W. Melnitchouk

We report a new measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in elastic electron scattering from the proton at backward scattering angles. This asymmetry is sensitive to the strange magnetic form factor of the proton as well as electroweak…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2011-08-19 SAMPLE collaboration , D. T. Spayde

We calculate the effects on the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section of the two-photon exchange contribution with an intermediate $\Delta$ resonance. The $\Delta$ two-photon exchange contribution is found to be smaller in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 S. Kondratyuk , P. G. Blunden , W. Melnitchouk , J. A. Tjon

We present an extended analysis of the data for the pion-photon transition form factor from different experiments, CELLO, CLEO, and BaBar, and discuss various theoretical approaches which try to reason from them. We focus on the divergent…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-01-03 N. G. Stefanis , Alexander P. Bakulev , S. V. Mikhailov , A. V. Pimikov

The strange form factors of the proton are basic to an understanding of proton structure, and are presently the focus of many experiments. Before the strangeness effects can be extracted from data, it is necessary to calculate and remove…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-04-15 Randy Lewis , Nader Mobed

We present an evaluation of box diagram for the elastic $ep$ scattering with proton in the intermediate state. Using analytic properties of the proton form factors we express the amplitude via twofold integral, which involves the form…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Dmitry Borisyuk , Alexander Kobushkin

Analyticity of nucleon form factors allows to derive sum rules which, using space-like and time-like data as input, can give unique information about behaviors in energy regions not experimentally accessible. Taking advantage from new…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-09-28 S. Pacetti