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A long-standing proposition is that by emulating the operation of the brain's neocortex, a spiking neural network (SNN) can achieve similar desirable features: flexible learning, speed, and efficiency. Temporal neural networks (TNNs) are…

Brain can recognize different objects as ones that it has experienced before. The recognition accuracy and its processing time depend on task properties such as viewing condition, level of noise and etc. Recognition accuracy can be well…

Over the brief time intervals available for processing retinal output, roughly 50 to 300 msec, the number of extra spikes generated by individual ganglion cells can be quite variable. Here, computer-generated spike trains were used to…

Dynamics of class II neurons, firing frequencies of which are strongly regulated by the inherent neuronal property, have been extensively studied since the formulation of the Hodgkin--Huxley model in 1952. However, how class II neurons…

In the reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, the ability to predict receiving reward in the near or more distant future means the ability to evaluate the current state as more or less close to the target state (labelled by the reward signal).…

Neuroscientists formulate very different hypotheses about the nature of neural code. At one extreme, it has been argued that neurons encode information in relatively slow changes of individual spikes arriving "rates codes" and the…

Using precise times of every spike, spiking supervised learning has more effects on complex spatial-temporal pattern than supervised learning only through neuronal firing rates. The purpose of spiking supervised learning after…

Recordings from area V4 of monkeys have revealed that when the focus of attention is on a visual stimulus within the receptive field of a cortical neuron, two distinct changes can occur: The firing rate of the neuron can change and there…

Animals rely on different decision strategies when faced with ambiguous or uncertain cues. Depending on the context, decisions may be biased towards events that were most frequently experienced in the past, or be more explorative. A…

The ability to predict future events or patterns based on previous experience is crucial for many applications such as traffic control, weather forecasting, or supply chain management. While modern supervised Machine Learning approaches…

In recent years, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have attracted substantial interest due to their potential to replicate the energy-efficient and event-driven processing of biological neurons. Despite this, the application of SNNs in graph…

Recurrent Networks are one of the most powerful and promising artificial neural network algorithms to processing the sequential data such as natural languages, sound, time series data. Unlike traditional feed-forward network, Recurrent…

In recent years, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been used in reinforcement learning (RL) due to their low power consumption and event-driven features. However, spiking reinforcement learning (SRL), which suffers from fixed coding…

This paper proposes a neuronal circuitry layout and synaptic plasticity principles that allow the (pyramidal) neuron to act as a "combinatorial switch". Namely, the neuron learns to be more prone to generate spikes given those combinations…

To compensate for sensory processing delays, the visual system must make predictions to ensure timely and appropriate behaviors. Recent work has found predictive information about the stimulus in neural populations early in vision…

Many efforts have been devoted to training generative latent variable models with autoregressive decoders, such as recurrent neural networks (RNN). Stochastic recurrent models have been successful in capturing the variability observed in…

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) exhibit higher energy efficiency compared to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) due to their unique spike-driven mechanism. Additionally, SNN possess a crucial characteristic, namely the ability to process…

We derive a synaptic weight update rule for learning temporally precise spike train to spike train transformations in multilayer feedforward networks of spiking neurons. The framework, aimed at seamlessly generalizing error backpropagation…

In this article, our wish is to demystify some aspects of coding with spike-timing, through a simple review of well-understood technical facts regarding spike coding. The goal is to help better understanding to which extend computing and…

Recurrent neural networks excel at temporal tasks and video processing but require energy-intensive sequential memory operations. We demonstrate that multimode optical fibers naturally implement spatiotemporal recurrent computation through…