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It is a challenging research endeavor to infer causal relationships in multivariate observational time-series. Such data may be represented by graphs, where nodes represent time-series, and edges directed causal influence scores between…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Axel Wismüller , Ali Vosoughi , Adora DSouza , Anas Abidin

This paper is motivated by studies in neuroscience experiments to understand interactions between nodes in a brain network using different types of data modalities that capture different distinct facets of brain activity. To assess…

Understanding causal relationships in time series is fundamental to many domains, including neuroscience, economics, and behavioral science. Granger causality is one of the well-known techniques for inferring causality in time series.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Chakattrai Sookkongwaree , Tattep Lakmuang , Chainarong Amornbunchornvej

Granger causality is widely used for causal structure discovery in complex systems from multivariate time series data. Traditional Granger causality tests based on linear models often fail to detect even mild non-linear causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Ziyi Zhang , Shaogang Ren , Xiaoning Qian , Nick Duffield

While most classical approaches to Granger causality detection repose upon linear time series assumptions, many interactions in neuroscience and economics applications are nonlinear. We develop an approach to nonlinear Granger causality…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-26 Alex Tank , Ian Cover , Nicholas J. Foti , Ali Shojaie , Emily B. Fox

Granger causality, commonly used for inferring causal structures from time series data, has been adopted in widespread applications across various fields due to its intuitive explainability and high compatibility with emerging deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ziyi Zhang , Shaogang Ren , Xiaoning Qian , Nick Duffield

Granger causality is a commonly used method for uncovering information flow and dependencies in a time series. Here we introduce JGC (Jacobian Granger Causality), a neural network-based approach to Granger causality using the Jacobian as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Suryadi , Yew-Soon Ong , Lock Yue Chew

A novel approach is developed for discovering directed connectivity between specified pairs of nodes in a high-dimensional network (HDN) of brain signals. To accurately identify causal connectivity for such specified objectives, it is…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-06 Sipan Aslan , Hernando Ombao

We introduce a rigorous mathematical framework for Granger causality in extremes, designed to identify causal links from extreme events in time series. Granger causality plays a pivotal role in uncovering directional relationships among…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-21 Juraj Bodik , Olivier C. Pasche

Granger causality has become an indispensable tool for analyzing causal relationships between time series. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of its mathematical foundations, trace its historical development, and explore how…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Lasha Ephremidze

Granger causality is a fundamental technique for causal inference in time series data, commonly used in the social and biological sciences. Typical operationalizations of Granger causality make a strong assumption that every time point of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Chainarong Amornbunchornvej , Elena Zheleva , Tanya Berger-Wolf

Identifying the causal structure of systems with multiple dynamic elements is critical to several scientific disciplines. The conventional approach is to conduct statistical tests of causality, for example with Granger Causality, between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-22 Jacek P. Dmochowski

This article proposes a systematic methodological review and objective criticism of existing methods enabling the derivation of time-varying Granger-causality statistics in neuroscience. The increasing interest and the huge number of…

Applications · Statistics 2017-04-12 Sezen Cekic , Didier Grandjean , Olivier Renaud

While most classical approaches to Granger causality detection assume linear dynamics, many interactions in real-world applications, like neuroscience and genomics, are inherently nonlinear. In these cases, using linear models may lead to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-16 Alex Tank , Ian Covert , Nicholas Foti , Ali Shojaie , Emily Fox

An approach is proposed for inferring Granger causality between jointly stationary, Gaussian signals from quantized data. First, a necessary and sufficient rank criterion for the equality of two conditional Gaussian distributions is proved.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-07 Salman Ahmadi , Girish N. Nair , Erik Weyer

Explaining underlying causes or effects about events is a challenging but valuable task. We define a novel problem of generating explanations of a time series event by (1) searching cause and effect relationships of the time series with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-26 Dongyeop Kang , Varun Gangal , Ang Lu , Zheng Chen , Eduard Hovy

Counterfactual learning has become promising for understanding and modeling causality in complex and dynamic systems. This paper presents a novel method for counterfactual learning in the context of multivariate time series analysis and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Gianlucca Zuin , Adriano Veloso

To gain insight into complex systems it is a key challenge to infer nonlinear causal directional relations from observational time-series data. Specifically, estimating causal relationships between interacting components in large systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Axel Wismüller , Adora M. DSouza , Anas Z. Abidin

The Granger framework is useful for discovering causal relations in time-varying signals. However, most Granger causality (GC) methods are developed for densely sampled timeseries data. A substantially different setting, particularly common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Minh Nguyen , Gia H. Ngo , Mert R. Sabuncu

Granger causality is well established within the neurosciences for inference of directed functional connectivity from neurophysiological data. These data usually consist of time series which subsample a continuous-time biophysiological…

Applications · Statistics 2016-09-08 Lionel Barnett , Anil K. Seth