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In this paper, we study the problems in the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) test included in NIST SP 800-22 released by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which is a collection of tests for evaluating both physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Hiroki Okada , Ken Umeno

Discrete Fourier Transform Test (DFTT), which is a randomness test included in NIST SP800-22, has a problem. It is that theoretical reference distribution of the test statistic has not been derived. In this paper, we propose a new test…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-29 Atsushi Iwasaki , Ken Umeno

In general, randomness tests included in a test suite are not independent of each other. This renders it difficult to fix a rational criterion through the whole test suite with an explicit significance level. In this paper, we focus on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-21 Atsushi Iwasaki

The discrete Fourier transform test is a randomness test included in NIST SP800-22. However, the variance of the test statistic is smaller than expected and the theoretical value of the variance is not known. Hitherto, the mechanism…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-10 Atsushi Iwasaki

We consider the problem of non-parametric testing of independence of two components of a stationary bivariate spatial process. In particular, we revisit the random shift approach that has become a standard method for testing the independent…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-16 Tomas Mrkvicka , Jiri Dvorak , Jonatan A. Gonzalez , Jorge Mateu

NIST SP800-22 (2010) proposes the state of art testing suite for (pseudo) random generators to detect deviations of a binary sequence from randomness. On the one hand, as a counter example to NIST SP800-22 test suite, it is easy to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-01-15 Yongge Wang

We present an alternative method of evaluating Quality Estimation systems, which is based on a linguistically-motivated Test Suite. We create a test-set consisting of 14 linguistic error categories and we gather for each of them a set of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Avramidis Eleftherios , Vivien Macketanz , Arle Lommel , Hans Uszkoreit

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have created new opportunities to enhance performance on complex reasoning tasks by leveraging test-time computation. However, existing scaling methods have key limitations: parallel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Jiefeng Chen , Jie Ren , Xinyun Chen , Chengrun Yang , Ruoxi Sun , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan Ö Arık

We develop a class of differentially private two-sample scale tests, called the rank-transformed percentile-modified Siegel--Tukey tests, or RPST tests. These RPST tests are inspired both by recent differentially private extensions of some…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Joshua Levine , Kelly Ramsay

Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZ) [1] and its variants have been used widely to identify non-random patterns in biomedical signals obtained across distinct physiological states. Non-random signatures of the complexity measure can occur under…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2011-11-10 Radhakrishnan Nagarajan

Software defect prediction plays a crucial role in estimating the most defect-prone components of software, and a large number of studies have pursued improving prediction accuracy within a project or across projects. However, the rules for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Peng He , Bing Li , Xiao Liu , Jun Chen , Yutao Ma

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are typically tested for accuracy relying on a set of unlabelled real world data (operational dataset), from which a subset is selected, manually labelled and used as test suite. This subset is required to be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Antonio Guerriero , Roberto Pietrantuono , Stefano Russo

STATCHECK is an R algorithm designed to scan papers automatically for inconsistencies between test statistics and their associated p values (Nuijten et al., 2016). The goal of this comment is to point out an important and well-documented…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-11-27 Thomas Schmidt

Multiple hypothesis testing is a significant problem in nearly all neuroimaging studies. In order to correct for this phenomena, we require a reliable estimate of the Family-Wise Error Rate (FWER). The well known Bonferroni correction…

Computation · Statistics 2015-02-17 Chris Hinrichs , Vamsi K Ithapu , Qinyuan Sun , Sterling C Johnson , Vikas Singh

Various statistical tests have been developed for testing the equality of means in matched pairs with missing values. However, most existing methods are commonly based on certain distributional assumptions such as normality, 0-symmetry or…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-02 Lubna Amro , Markus Pauly

The manuscript considers Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) images and derives transformations needed to correct various distortions occurring during scanning. These transformations form the basis for the correction algorithms…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-13 Pavel Potapov , Giulio Guzzinati

A review study of NIST Statistical Test Suite is undertaken with a motivation to understand all its test algorithms and to write their C codes independently without looking at various sites mentioned in the NIST document. All the codes are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-08-29 J K M Sadique Uz Zaman , Ranjan Ghosh

Uncertainty quantification in neural network promises to increase safety of AI systems, but it is not clear how performance might vary with the training set size. In this paper we evaluate seven uncertainty methods on Fashion MNIST and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Matias Valdenegro-Toro

This paper presents an experimental study focused on understanding the simplification properties of neural networks under different hyperparameter configurations, specifically investigating the effects on Lempel Ziv complexity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Huixin Guan

In neural network models, soft mixtures of fixed candidate components (e.g., logic gates and sub-networks) are often used during training for stable optimization, while hard selection is typically used at inference. This raises questions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Youngsung Kim
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