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In this chapter I give an overall description of the structure and evolution of stars of different masses, and review the main ingredients included in state-of-the-art calculations aiming at reproducing observational features. I give…

The physics of neutron star crusts is vast, involving many different research fields, from nuclear and condensed matter physics to general relativity. This review summarizes the progress, which has been achieved over the last few years, in…

Predicting quasicrystal structures is a multifaceted problem that can involve predicting a previously unknown phase, predicting the structure of an experimentally observed phase, or predicting the thermodynamic stability of a given…

Superficial (two dimensional) crack patterns appear when a thin layer of material elastically attached to a substrate contracts. We study numerically the maturation process undergone by these crack patterns when they are allowed to adapt in…

One of the properties that make ecological systems so unique is the range of complex behavioural patterns that can be exhibited by even the simplest communities with only a few species. Much of this complexity is commonly attributed to…

One of the key ingredients to understand the properties of neutrons stars is the equation of state at finite densities far beyond nuclear saturation. Investigating the phase structure of quark matter that might be realized in the core of NS…

Recent decades have seen the discovery of numerous complex materials. At the root of the complexity underlying many of these materials lies a large number of possible contending atomic- and larger-scale configurations and the intricate…

In this paper I propose a new model for representing the formation energies of multicomponent crystalline alloys as a function of atom types. In the cases when displacements of atoms from their equilibrium positions are not large, the…

Physically observable particles are assumed to result from an interaction between massless positively and negatively oriented 2-component Weyl neutrinos. A simple quantum mechanical analysis of a composite system of Weyl neutrinos of…

Complex systems are characterized by specific time-dependent interactions among their many constituents. As a consequence they often manifest rich, non-trivial and unexpected behavior. Examples arise both in the physical and non-physical…

Dendrites formation in the course of crystallization presents very general phenomenon, which is analyzed in details via the example of ice crystals growth in deionized water. Neutral molecules of water on the surface are combined into the…

Complex behavior in glassforming liquids is associated with formation of a mosaic of different structures. Using bond order parameters together with topological characteristics of the bond network, we show that in the mosaic of crystalline…

The study of networks plays a crucial role in investigating the structure, dynamics, and function of a wide variety of complex systems in myriad disciplines. Despite the success of traditional network analysis, standard networks provide a…

We suggest an underlying mechanism that governs the growth of a network of concepts, a complex network that reflects the connections between different scientific concepts based on their co-occurrences in publications. To this end, we…

Determining the stability of chemical compounds is essential for advancing material discovery. In this study, we introduce a novel deep neural network model designed to predict a crystal's formation energy, which identifies its stability…

The crystallization proceeds by the advance of the crystal faces into the disordered phase at the expense of the supersaturation which is not sustained in our model. Using a conservation constraint for the transformation ratio and a kinetic…

This paper develops a new continuous approach to a similarity between periodic lattices of ideal crystals. Quantifying a similarity between crystal structures is needed to substantially speed up the Crystal Structure Prediction, because the…

Neutron star crusts are studied using a classical molecular dynamics model developed for heavy ion reactions. After the model is shown to produce a plethora of the so-called "pasta" shapes, a series of techniques borrowed from nuclear…

In this lecture, we give a first introduction to neutron stars, based on fundamental physical principles. After outlining their outstanding macroscopic properties, as obtained from observations, we infer the extreme conditions of matter in…

The possibility to align and organize faceted particles in the bulk offers intriguing possibilities for the design and discovery of materials and architectures exhibiting novel functional properties. The growth of ice crystals can be used…