Related papers: On periodic sequences for algebraic numbers
It is widely believed that the continued fraction expansion of every irrational algebraic number $\alpha$ either is eventually periodic (and we know that this is the case if and only if $\alpha$ is a quadratic irrational), or it contains…
Many generalizations of continued fractions, where the reciprocal function has been replaced by a more general function, have been studied, and it is often asked whether such generalized expansions can have nice properties. For instance, we…
For odd n>=3, we consider a general hypothetical identity for the differences S_{n,0}(x) of multiples of n with even and odd digit sums in the base n-1 in interval [0,x), which we prove in the cases n=3 and n=5 and empirically confirm for…
We consider series of the form $$ \frac{p}{q} +\sum_{j=2}^\infty \frac{1}{x_j}, $$ where $x_1=q$ and the integer sequence $(x_n)$ satisfies a certain non-autonomous recurrence of second order, which entails that $x_n|x_{n+1}$ for $n\geq 1$.…
We give a construction of a real number that is normal to all integer bases and continued fraction normal. The computation of the first n digits of its continued fraction expansion performs in the order of n^4 mathematical operations. The…
The arithmetic of natural numbers has a natural and simple encoding within sets, and the simplest set whose structure is not that of any natural number extends this set-theoretic representation to positive and negative integers. The…
We discuss the use of matrices for providing sequences of rationals that approximate algebraic irrationalities. In particular, we study the regular representation of algebraic extensions, proving that ratios between two entries of the…
In this paper, we sharpen and simplify our earlier results based on Thue's Fundamentaltheorem and use it to obtain effective irrationality measures for certain roots of polynomials of the form $(x-\sqrt{t})^{n}+(x+\sqrt{t})^{n}$, where $n…
When $A$ and $B$ are subsets of the integers in $[1,X]$ and $[1,Y]$ respectively, with $|A| \geq \alpha X$ and $|B| \geq \beta X$, we show that the number of rational numbers expressible as $a/b$ with $(a,b)$ in $A \times B$ is $\gg (\alpha…
A commutative semigroup of abstract factorials is defined in the context of the ring of integers. We study such factorials for their own sake, whether they are or are not connected to sets of integers. Given a subset X of the positive…
We prove that the statistics of the period of the continued fraction expansion of certain sequences of quadratic irrationals from a fixed quadratic field approach the `normal' statistics given by the Gauss-Kuzmin measure. As a by-product,…
By using the Calkin-Wilf tree, we prove the irrationality of numbers of the form $\alpha=\frac{\sqrt{N}+p}{q}$ where $N$ is a positive integer which is not a perfect square, $p$ is a rational integer such that $p^2<N$ and $q$ is a positive…
On the set of positive integers, we consider the iterative process that maps $n$ to either $\frac{3n+1}{2}$ or $\frac{n}{2}$ depending on the parity of $n$. The Collatz conjecture states that all such sequences eventually enter the trivial…
We highlight some facts about continued fractions of real cubic irrationalities. This may be thought as a small section in a textbook on continued fractions.
In this paper we give an algorithm to calculate the coefficients of the p-adic expansion of a rational numbers, and we give a method to decide whether this expansion is periodic or ultimately periodic.
By combining well-known techniques from both noncommutative algebra and computational commutative algebra, we observe that an algorithmic approach can be applied to the study of irreducible representations of finitely presented algebras. In…
Simplification of fractional powers of positive rational numbers and of sums, products and powers of such numbers is taught in beginning algebra. Such numbers can often be expressed in many ways, as this article discusses in some detail.…
We establish a lower bound for the frequency with which an irreducible monic cubic polynomial with negative discriminant can be expressed as a sum of two squares ($\square_{2}$). This provides a quantitative answer to a question posed by…
Consider the representation of a rational number as a continued fraction, associated with "odd" Euclidean algorithm. In this paper we prove certain properties for the limit distribution function for sequences of rationals with bounded sum…
In this paper, we present some generalizations of Lagrange's theorem in the classical theory of continued fractions motivated by the geometric interpretation of the classical theory in terms of closed geodesics on the modular curve. As a…