Related papers: Alexander Numbering of Knotted Surface Diagrams
Branch points of a real 2-surface S in a 4-manifold M generalize the branch points of complex curves in complex surfaces: for example, they can occur as singularities of minimal surfaces. We investigate such a branch point p when S is…
We interpret a normal surface in a (singular) three-manifold in terms of the homology of a chain complex. This allows us to study the relation between normal surfaces and their quadrilateral co-ordinates. Specifically, we give a proof of an…
We discuss methods to construct a polynomial parametrization of some interesting knotted surfaces (knotted spheres, knotted tori and knotted planes) and provide examples.
We prove a new bound for the number of connected components of a real regular elliptic surface with a real section and we show the sharpness of this bound. Furthermore, all possible values for the Betti numbers of such a surface are…
Given a nonorientable, locally flatly embedded surface in the $4$-sphere of nonorientable genus $h$, Massey showed that the normal Euler number lies in $\lbrace -2h,-2h+4,\ldots,2h-4,2h \rbrace$. We prove that every such surface with knot…
We propose the graph description of Teichm\"uller theory of surfaces with marked points on boundary components (bordered surfaces). Introducing new parameters, we formulate this theory in terms of hyperbolic geometry. We can then describe…
This paper gives a detailed derivation of the surface of a tri-axial ellipsoid. The general result is in terms of the elliptic integrals of the first and second kind. It is in checked for all special cases included and the corresponding…
Our goal is to identify the type and number of static equilibrium points of solids arising from fine, equidistant $n$-discretrizations of smooth, convex surfaces. We assume uniform gravity and a frictionless, horizontal, planar support. We…
We give bounds on the L(2,1)-labeling number of a simple graph in terms of its order and its maximum degree. We also describe an infinite class of graphs of which the elements have the highest L(2,1)-labeling numbers in terms of their…
We consider two algebras of curves associated to an oriented surface of finite type - the cluster algebra from combinatorial algebra, and the skein algebra from quantum topology. We focus on generalizations of cluster algebras and…
The group of bordism classes of unoriented surfaces in 4-space is determined. The bordism classes are characterized by normal Euler numbers,double linking numbers, and triple linking numbers.
We introduce two classes of algebras coming from partial triangulations of marked surfaces. The first one, called frozen algebra of a partial triangulation, is generally of infinite rank and contains frozen Jacobian algebras of…
We develop a diagrammatic calculus for representations of unrolled quantum $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ at a fourth root of unity. This allows us to prove Seifert-Torres type formulas for certain splice links using quantum algebraic methods, rather…
In this article, we propose a new approach for describing and understanding knots and links in a 3-manifold through the use of an embedded non-orientable surface. Specifically, we define a plat-like representation based on this…
These notes present two normal surface theory algorithms to detect the unknot and use the split-link algorithm to prove that the figure-eight knot is knotted.
In earlier work we introduced the graph bracket polynomial of graphs with marked vertices, motivated by the fact that the Kauffman bracket of a link diagram D is determined by a looped, marked version of the interlacement graph associated…
It is known that for any smooth sphere eversion, the number of quadruple point jumps is always odd. In this paper, we define an integer-valued function that detects and classifies jumps involving quadruple points and triple-line tangencies.…
We study the graphs generated when the formula for linking Markov triples is applied to general triples of integers. We find there are a finite number of equivalence classes of graphs, each with particular properties.
An extension of the Artin Braid Group with new operators that generate double and triple intersections is considered. The extended Alexander theorem, relating intersecting closed braids and intersecting knots is proved for double and triple…
We present an effective method for recovering the topology of a bordered oriented surface with marked points from its cluster algebra. The information is extracted from the maximal triangulations of the surface, those that have exchange…