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We show that every connected graph can be approximated by a normal tree, up to some arbitrarily small error phrased in terms of neighbourhoods around its ends. The existence of such approximate normal trees has consequences of both…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-05 Jan Kurkofka , Ruben Melcher , Max Pitz

We give a proof for sharp estimate for the number of spanning trees using linear algebra and generalize this bound to multigraphs. In addition, we show that this bound is tight for complete graphs. In addition, we give estimates for number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-01 K. V. Chelpanov

An invariant for cospectral graphs is a property shared by all cospectral graphs. In this paper, we establish three novel arithmetic invariants for cospectral graphs, revealing deep connections between spectral properties and combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Yizhe Ji , Quanyu Tang , Wei Wang , Hao Zhang

The degree chromatic polynomial $Pm(G,k)$ of a graph $G$ counts the number of $k$-colorings in which no vertex has $m$ adjacent vertices of its same color. We prove Humpert and Martin's conjecture on the leading terms of the degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-20 Diego Cifuentes

By revisiting the Kirchhoff's Matrix-Tree Theorem, we give an exact formula for the number of spanning trees of a graph in terms of the quantum relative entropy between the maximally mixed state and another state specifically obtained from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-14 Vittorio Giovannetti , Simone Severini

Let $G$ be a simple strongly connected weighted directed graph. Let $\mathcal{G}$ denote the spanning tree graph of $G$. That is, the vertices of $\mathcal{G}$ consist of the directed rooted spanning trees on $G$, and the edges of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-28 Sinho Chewi , Venkat Anantharam

In this paper, we introduce a notion of clock moves for spanning trees in plane graphs. This enables us to develop a spanning tree model of an Alexander polynomial for a plane graph and prove the unimodal property of its associate…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-10-23 Wenbo Liao , Zhongtao Wu

Let $G=(V, E)$ be an undirected graph. The spanning trees polytope $P(G)$ is the convex hull of the characteristic vectors of all spanning trees of $G$. In this paper, we describe all facets of $P(G)$ as a consequence of the facets of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-18 Brahim Chaourar

Building on work by Desjarlais, Molina, Faase, and others, a general method is obtained for counting the number of spanning trees of graphs that are a product of an arbitrary graph and either a path or a cycle, of which grid graphs are a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-09-16 Paul Raff

We consider 3 (weighted) posets associated with a graph G - the poset P(G) of distinct induced unlabelled subgraphs, the lattice Omega(G) of distinct unlabelled graphs induced by connected partitions, and the poset Q(G) of distinct…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-19 Bhalchandra D. Thatte

We study functional graphs generated by quadratic polynomials over prime fields. We introduce efficient algorithms for methodical computations and provide the values of various direct and cumulative statistical parameters of interest. These…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-16 Bernard Mans , Min Sha , Igor E. Shparlinski , Daniel Sutantyo

A polynomial is said to be unimodal if its coefficients are non-decreasing and then non-increasing. The domination polynomial of a graph $G$ is the generating function of the number of dominating sets of each cardinality in $G$. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Iain Beaton , Sam Schoonhoven

Let ${\rm Z}(G)$ and ${\rm gp}(G)$ be the zero forcing number and the general position number of a graph $G$, respectively. Known results imply that ${\rm gp}(T)\ge {\rm Z}(T) + 1$ holds for every nontrivial tree $T$. It is proved that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Hongbo Hua , Xinying Hua , Sandi Klavžar

The chromatic polynomial is a well studied object in graph theory. There are many results and conjectures about the log-concavity of the chromatic polynomial and other polynomials related to it. The location of the roots of these…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-05-05 Sukhada Fadnavis

An ideal $I$ of a commutative ring $R$ is said to be of linear type when its Rees algebra and symmetric algebra exhibit isomorphism. In this paper, we investigate the conjecture put forth by Jayanthan, Kumar, and Sarkar (2021) that if $G$…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Marie Amalore Nambi , Neeraj Kumar

It is shown how a connected graph and a tree with partially prescribed spectrum can be constructed. These constructions are based on a recent result of Salez that every totally real algebraic integer is an eigenvalue of a tree. Our result…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-06 Xueliang Li , Wasin So , Ivan Gutman

We consider three probability measures on subsets of edges of a given finite graph $G$, namely those which govern, respectively, a uniform forest, a uniform spanning tree, and a uniform connected subgraph. A conjecture concerning the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. R. Grimmett , S. N. Winkler

We give two combinatorial proofs of an elegant product formula for the number of spanning trees of the $n$-dimensional hypercube. The first proof is based on the assertion that if one chooses a uniformly random rooted spanning tree of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-13 Olivier Bernardi

For an indifference graph $G$ we define a symmetric function of increasing spanning forests of $G$. We prove that this symmetric function satisfies certain linear relations, which are also satisfied by the chromatic quasisymmetric function…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-01 Alex Abreu , Antonio Nigro

For a graph $G$, let $L(G)$ and $Q(G)$ be the Laplacian and signless Laplacian matrices of $G$, respectively, and $\tau(G)$ be the number of spanning trees of $G$. We prove that if $G$ has an odd number of vertices and $\tau(G)$ is not…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-30 Ebrahim Ghorbani