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We investigate properties of signed graphs that have few distinct eigenvalues together with a symmetric spectrum. Our main contribution is to determine all signed $(0,2)$-graphs with vertex degree at most $6$ that have precisely two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Gary R. W. Greaves , Zoran Stanić

The second-largest eigenvalue and second-smallest Laplacian eigenvalue of a graph are measures of its connectivity. These eigenvalues can be used to analyze the robustness, resilience, and synchronizability of networks, and are related to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-20 Aida Abiad , Boris Brimkov , Xavier Martinez-Rivera , O Suil , Jingmei Zhang

We study the semigroup of the symmetric $\alpha$-stable process in bounded domains in $\R^2$. We obtain a variational formula for the spectral gap, i.e. the difference between two first eigenvalues of the generator of this semigroup. This…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Bartlomiej Dyda , Tadeusz Kulczycki

For $0\le \alpha\le 1$, Nikiforov proposed to study the spectral properties of the family of matrices $A_{\alpha}(G)=\alpha D(G)+(1-\alpha)A(G)$ of a graph $G$, where $D(G)$ is the degree diagonal matrix and $A(G)$ is the adjacency matrix.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-10 Haiyan Guo , Bo Zhou

As it is well known, the spectrum $ {\rm sp\,} \Gamma$ (of the adjacency matrix $A$) of a graph $\Gamma$, with $d$ distinct eigenvalues other than its spectral radius $\lambda_0$, usually provides a lot of information about the structure of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-02 V. Diego , J. Fàbrega , M. A. Fiol

A mixed tree is a tree in which both directed arcs and undirected edges may exist. Let $T$ be a mixed tree with $n$ vertices and $m$ arcs, where an undirected edge is counted twice as arcs. Let $A$ be the adjacency matrix of $T$. For…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-06 Yen-Jen Cheng , Louis Kao , Chih-Wen Weng

Assumed to be undirected, simple, and connected are all of the graphs in this study, and adjacency matrix $A$ serves as the associated matrix. In this paper we show that it is possible to relate a creation sequence for a type of cographs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-09 Santanu Mandal , Ranjit Mehatari

Estimating the number of vertices of a two dimensional projection, called a shadow, of a polytope is a fundamental tool for understanding the performance of the shadow simplex method for linear programming among other applications. We prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-12 Alexander E. Black , Francisco Criado

Unlike the situation in the classical theory of convex polytopes, there is a wealth of semi-regular abstract polytopes, including interesting examples exhibiting some unexpected phenomena. We prove that even an equifacetted semi-regular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-13 Tomaz Pisanski , Egon Schulte , Asia Ivic Weiss

Starting from the formulation of pseudo-Riemannian generalisation of real spectral triples we develop the data of geometries over finite-dimensional algebras with indefinite metric and their Riemannian parts. We then discuss the Standard…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-06-20 Arkadiusz Bochniak , Andrzej Sitarz

We determine all graphs for which the adjacency matrix has at most two eigenvalues (multiplicities included) not equal to $-2$, or $0$, and determine which of these graphs are determined by their adjacency spectrum.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-11 Sebastian M. Cioaba , Willem H. Haemers , Jason R. Vermette

We study Jacobi matrices on trees whose coefficients are generated by multiple orthogonal polynomials. Hilbert space decomposition into an orthogonal sum of cyclic subspaces is obtained. For each subspace, we find generators and the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-02-01 Sergey A. Denisov , Maxim L. Yattselev

Stellar spectra depend on the stellar parameters and on dozens of photospheric elemental abundances. Simultaneous fitting of these $\mathcal{N}\sim 10-40$ model labels to observed spectra has been deemed unfeasible, because the number of ab…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-05 Hans-Walter Rix , Yuan-Sen Ting , Charlie Conroy , David W. Hogg

In this paper we study the complementarity spectrum of digraphs, with special attention to the problem of digraph characterization through this complementarity spectrum. That is, whether two non-isomorphic digraphs with the same number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-11 Diego Bravo , Florencia Cubría , Marcelo Fiori , Vilmar Trevisan

This review presents an account of the major works done on spectra of adjacency matrices drawn on networks and the basic understanding attained so far. We have divided the review under three sections: (a) extremal eigenvalues, (b) bulk part…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-12-20 Camellia Sarkar , Sarika Jalan

Paley graphs are Cayley graphs which are circulant and strongly regular. Paley-type graph of order a product of two distinct Pythagorean primes was introduced by Dr Angsuman Das. In this paper, we extend the study of Paley-type graphs to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-09 Sivaranjani A , Radha S

We study the unitary Cayley graph of a matrix semiring. We find bounds for its diameter, clique number and independence number, and determine its girth. We also find the relationship between the diameter and the clique number of a unitary…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-11-15 David Dolžan

Let $G$ be a graph with adjacency matrix $A(G)$ and degree diagonal matrix $D (G)$. In 2017, Nikiforov [Appl. Anal. Discrete Math., 11 (2017) 81--107] defined the matrix $A_\alpha(G) = \alpha D(G) + (1-\alpha)A(G)$ for any real…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-01 Xichan Liu , Ligong Wang

Let $(X,E_X)$ and $(V,E_V)$ be finite connected graphs without loops. We assume that $V$ has two distinguished vertices $a,b$ and an automorphism $\gamma$ which exchanges $a$ and~$b$. The $V$-edge substitution of $X$ is the graph $X[V]$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Thomas Hirschler , Wolfgang Woess

In this paper, we investigate spectral properties of the adjacency tensor, Laplacian tensor and signless Laplacian tensor of general hypergraphs (including uniform and non-uniform hypergraphs). We obtain some bounds for the spectral radius…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-20 Changjiang Bu , Jiang Zhou , Lizhu Sun