Related papers: Alexander's and Markov's theorems in dimension fou…

Building further on work of Marin and Wagner, we give a cubic braid-type skein theory of the Links--Gould polynomial invariant of oriented links and prove that it can be used to evaluate any oriented link, adding this polynomial to the list…

Study of certain isotopy classes of a finite collection of immersed circles without triple or higher intersections on closed oriented surfaces can be thought of as a planar analogue of virtual knot theory where the genus zero case…

Given a knot or link in the form of plat closure of a braid, we describe an algorithm to obtain a braid representing the same knot or link with the standard closure, and vice-versa. We analyze the three cases of knots and links: in…

This paper defines a new sequence of finite dimensional algebras as quotients of the group algebras of the braid groups. This sequence depends on three homogeneous parameters and has a one-parameter family of Markov traces, and so gives a…

Using the Fourier expansion of Markov traces for Ariki-Koike algebras over $\mathbb{Q}(q,u_{1},...,u_{e})$, we give a direct definition of the Alexander polynomials for mixed links. We observe that under the corresponding specialization of…

Loop braid groups characterize the exchange of extended objects, namely loops, in three dimensional space generalizing the notion of braid groups that describe the exchange of point particles in two dimensional space. Their interest in…

We develop a theory of link projections to trivalent spines of 3-manifolds. We prove a Reidemeister Theorem providing a set of combinatorial moves sufficient to relate the projections of isotopic links. We also show that any link admits a…

A previous work of A. Conway and the author introduced $L^2$-Burau maps of braids, which are generalizations of the Burau representation whose coefficients live in a more general group ring than the one of Laurent polynomials. This same…

This paper aims to determine the images of the braid group under representations afforded by the Yang Baxter equation when the solution is a nontrivial $4 \times 4$ matrix. Making the assumption that all the eigenvalues of the Yang Baxter…

We define braid presentation of edge-oriented spatial graphs as a natural generalization of braid presentation of oriented links. We show that every spatial graph has a braid presentation. For an oriented link it is known that the braid…

Branch points of a real 2-surface S in a 4-manifold M generalize the branch points of complex curves in complex surfaces: for example, they can occur as singularities of minimal surfaces. We investigate such a branch point p when S is…

The entanglement of open curves in 3-space appears in many physical systems and affects their material properties and function. A new framework in knot theory was introduced recently, that enables to characterize the complexity of…

Knots and links which are closed 3-braids are a very special class. Like 2-bridge knots and links, they are simple enough to admit a complete classification. At the same time they are rich enough to serve as a source of examples on which,…

We extend basic results in $3$-manifold topology to general three-dimensional Alexandrov spaces (or Alexandrov $3$-spaces for short), providing a unified framework for manifold and non-manifold spaces. We generalize the connected sum to…

Virtual braids are a combinatorial generalization of braids. We present abstract braids as equivalence classes of braid diagrams on a surface, joining two distinguished boundary components. They are identified up to isotopy, compatibility,…

This paper concerns on linked periodic orbits of orientation-preserving homeomorphisms of the $2$-disc in the sense of Gambaudo. We interpret the linking of periodic orbits by using their induced braids. Then based on the forcing relation…

Algorithm of construction of all knots, links with given number of crosses on diagram of knot, link is offered. This algorithm is based on simple proposition, that there is a representation of knot (link) as closure of braid with n threads…

In this paper we indicate one method of construction of linear representations of groups and algebras with translation invariant (except, maybe , finite number) defining relationships. As an illustration of this method, we give one approach…

We generalize the braid algebra to the case of loops with intersections. We introduce the Reidemeister moves for 4 and 6-valent vertices to have a theory of rigid vertex equivalence. By considering representations of the extended braid…

A link diagram can be considered as a $4$-valent graph embedded in the $2$-sphere and divides the sphere into complementary regions. In this paper, we show that any link has a diagram with only triangles and quadrilaterals. This extends…