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The Gruenberg-Kegel graph (or the prime graph) $\Gamma(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is the graph whose vertex set is the set of prime divisors of $|G|$ and in which two distinct vertices $r$ and $s$ are adjacent if and only if there exists an…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-22 Mingzhu Chen , Natalia V. Maslova , Marianna R. Zinov'eva

In this paper, we show that for a graph $\Gamma$ from a class named H-rigid graphs, its subgraph ${\rm Int}(\Gamma)$, named the internal graph of $\Gamma$, is an isomorphism invariant of the graph product of hyperfinite II$_1$-factors…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Martijn Caspers , Enli Chen

Let $\Gamma$ be a finite graph and let $\Gamma^{\mathrm{e}}$ be its extension graph. We inductively define a sequence $\{\Gamma_i\}$ of finite induced subgraphs of $\Gamma^{\mathrm{e}}$ through successive applications of an operation called…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-08 Sang-hyun Kim , Thomas Koberda , Juyoung Lee

The co-maximal subgroup graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a group $G$ is a graph whose vertices are non-trivial proper subgroups of $G$ and two vertices $H$ and $K$ are adjacent if $HK=G$. In this paper, we continue the study of $\Gamma(G)$, especially…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-20 Angsuman Das , Manideepa Saha , Saba Al-Kaseasbeh

Let $G$ be a finite group, let $\pi(G)$ be the set of prime divisors of $|G|$ and let $\Gamma(G)$ be the prime graph of $G$. This graph has vertex set $\pi(G)$, and two vertices $r$ and $s$ are adjacent if and only if $G$ contains an…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Timothy C. Burness , Elisa Covato

Let $\Gamma_G$ denote a graph associated with a group $G$. A compelling question about finite groups asks whether or not a finite group $H$ must be nilpotent provided $\Gamma_H$ is isomorphic to $\Gamma_G$ for a finite nilpotent group $G$.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-22 Valentina Grazian , Andrea Lucchini , Carmine Monetta

The $G$-graph $\Gamma(G,S)$ is a graph from the group $G$ generated by $S\subseteq G$, where the vertices are the right cosets of the cyclic subgroups $\langle s \rangle, s\in S$ with $k$-edges between two distinct cosets if there is an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-05 Lord Clifford Kavi

In this paper we introduced an arithmetic graph function which associates with every group G the directed graph whose vertices corresponds to the divisors of |G|. With the help of such functions we introduced arithmetic graphs of classes of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-14 V. I. Murashka , A. F. Vasil'ev

We introduce the extension graph of graph product of groups and study its geometry. This enables us to study properties of graph product by exploiting large scale geometry of its defining graph. In particular, we show that the extension…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Koichi Oyakawa

In this article, we study the outer automorphism group of a group G decomposed as a finite graph of group with finite edge groups and finitely generated vertex groups with at most one end. We show that Out(G) is essentially obtained by…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-21 Mathieu Carette

A mapping $\alpha : V(G) \to V(H)$ from the vertex set of one graph $G$ to another graph $H$ is an isometric embedding if the shortest path distance between any two vertices in $G$ equals the distance between their images in $H$. Here, we…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Joseph Berleant , Kristin Sheridan , Anne Condon , Virginia Vassilevska Williams , Mark Bathe

Let $\Gamma(G)$ be the Gruenberg-Kegel graph of a finite group $G$. We prove that if $G$ is solvable and $\sigma$ is a cut-set for $\Gamma(G)$, then $G$ has a $\sigma$-series of length $5$ whose factors are controlled. As a consequence, we…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Lorenzo Bonazzi

The prime-coprime graph $\Theta(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is the simple graph with vertex set $G$, where two distinct elements are adjacent whenever the greatest common divisor of their orders is either $1$ or a prime. We characterize all…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Ravi Ranjan , Shubh Narayan Singh , Surbhi Kumari , Shidra Jamil

Let $G$ be a group. The prime index graph of $G$, denoted by $\Pi(G)$, is the graph whose vertex set is the set of all subgroups of $G$ and two distinct comparable vertices $H$ and $K$ are adjacent if and only if the index of $H$ in $K$ or…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-06 S. Akbari , A. Ashtab , F. Heydari , M. Rezaee , F. Sherafati

For a graph $G=(V,\ E)$ and a nonempty set $S\subseteq V$, the \emph{vertex boundary} of $S$, denoted by $\partial_G(S)$, is defined to be the set of vertices that are not in $S$ but have at least one neighbor in $S$. In this paper, for $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Runze Wang

This is the first of two papers devoted to connections between asymptotic functions of groups and computational complexity. One of the main results of this paper states that if for every $m$ the first $m$ digits of a real number $\alpha\ge…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mark Sapir , Jean-Camille Birget , Eliyahu Rips

We introduce the vertex-arboricity of group-labelled graphs. For an abelian group $\Gamma$, a $\Gamma$-labelled graph is a graph whose edges are labelled by elements of $\Gamma$. For an abelian group $\Gamma$ and $A\subseteq \Gamma$, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-03 O-joung Kwon , Xiaopan Lian

Let G and F be finitely generated groups with infinitely many ends and let A and B be graph of groups decompositions of F and G such that all edge groups are finite and all vertex groups have at most one end. We show that G and F are…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Panos Papazoglu , Kevin Whyte

A $(\delta\geq k_1,\delta\geq k_2)$-partition of a graph $G$ is a vertex-partition $(V_1,V_2)$ of $G$ satisfying that $\delta(G[V_i])\geq k_i$ for $i=1,2$. We determine, for all positive integers $k_1,k_2$, the complexity of deciding…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-22 Joergen Bang-Jensen , Stéphane Bessy

We construct easy embeddings of relatively free groups (say the free Burnside group, the free solvable group) into finitely presented groups. We introduce a concept of verbal isoperimetric function of a group variety. We prove that if the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. Yu. Olshanskii , M. V. Sapir