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This article is a collection of letters solicited by the editors of the Bulletin in response to a previous article by Jaffe and Quinn [math.HO/9307227]. The authors discuss the role of rigor in mathematics and the relation between…

The science of complexity is based on a new way of thinking that stands in sharp contrast to the philosophy underlying Newtonian science, which is based on reductionism, determinism, and objective knowledge. This paper reviews the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-07-29 Francis Heylighen , Paul Cilliers , Carlos Gershenson

Controversies arise when specialists disagree on some particular issue. This normally occurs in any scientific brunch. We analyze some controversies, which have a good cause in Special Relativity. The paper does not question Special…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Anatoli Andrei Vankov

Complexity theory provides a wealth of complexity classes for analyzing the complexity of decision and counting problems. Despite the practical relevance of enumeration problems, the tools provided by complexity theory for this important…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-10-25 Nadia Creignou , Markus Kröll , Reinhard Pichler , Sebastian Skritek , Heribert Vollmer

There is no single definition of complexity (Edmonds 1999; Gershenson 2008; Mitchell 2009; De Domenico, et al., 2019), as it acquires different meanings in different contexts. A general notion is the amount of information required to…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2021-02-26 Carlos Gershenson

I am most honoured to have the privilege to present the Foreword to this fascinating and wonderfully varied collection of contributions, concerning the nature of computation and of its deep connection with the operation of those basic laws,…

General Literature · Computer Science 2012-05-29 Roger Penrose

Controversy is a reflection of our zeitgeist, and an important aspect to any discourse. The rise of large language models (LLMs) as conversational systems has increased public reliance on these systems for answers to their various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 David Q. Sun , Artem Abzaliev , Hadas Kotek , Zidi Xiu , Christopher Klein , Jason D. Williams

In this chapter, concepts related to information and computation are reviewed in the context of human computation. A brief introduction to information theory and different types of computation is given. Two examples of human computation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-27 Carlos Gershenson

In this note some philosophical thoughts and observations about mathematics are expressed, arranged as challenges to some common claims.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2016-01-27 Eliahu Levy

This is a philosophical paper. It claims that there is a gap to be filled in the relationship between complexity theory (CT) and quantum theory (QT). This gap concerns two very distinct understandings of time. The paper provides the ground…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Carlos Eduardo Maldonado

$ $[This paper is a (self contained) chapter in a new book, Mathematics and Computation, whose draft is available on my homepage at https://www.math.ias.edu/avi/book ]. We survey some concrete interaction areas between computational…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-10-27 Avi Wigderson

Computation plays a major role in decision making. Even if an agent is willing to ascribe a probability to all states and a utility to all outcomes, and maximize expected utility, doing so might present serious computational problems.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2011-06-15 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass

This is the transcript of a lecture given at UMass-Lowell in which I compare and contrast the work of Godel and of Turing and my own work on incompleteness. I also discuss randomness in physics vs randomness in pure mathematics.

chao-dyn · Physics 2007-05-23 G. J. Chaitin

These lecture notes give an introduction to the Brauer-Manin obstruction to the existence of rational points, focusing on the interplay between theory and computation.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-03 Bianca Viray

Turing's (1936) paper on computable numbers has played its role in underpinning different perspectives on the world of information. On the one hand, it encourages a digital ontology, with a perceived flatness of computational structure…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-06-23 S. Barry Cooper

Complexity theory as practiced by physicists and computational complexity theory as practiced by computer scientists both characterize how difficult it is to solve complex problems. Here it is shown that the parameters of a specific model…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-05-29 S. N. Coppersmith

Complexity remains one of the central challenges in science and technology. Although several approaches at defining and/or quantifying complexity have been proposed, at some point each of them seems to run into intrinsic limitations or…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Luciano da F. Costa , Guilherme S. Domingues

This introductory paper is structured in the form of an "interview", where the author answers the following questions: Why did you begin working with complex systems? How would you define complexity? What is your favourite aspect/concept of…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Francis Heylighen

We survey classical and recent developments in numerical linear algebra, focusing on two issues: computational complexity, or arithmetic costs, and numerical stability, or performance under roundoff error. We present a brief account of the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-06-22 Olga Holtz , Noam Shomron

How do news sources tackle controversial issues? In this work, we take a data-driven approach to understand how controversy interplays with emotional expression and biased language in the news. We begin by introducing a new dataset of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-09-30 Yelena Mejova , Amy X. Zhang , Nicholas Diakopoulos , Carlos Castillo